高应变率下复合炸药的细观数值模拟

针对复合炸药8701中RDX晶体与粘结剂分别对复合炸药8701平均力学性能的影响,建立了相应的细观数值计算模型.通过SHPB实验获得了8701在应变率600 s-1时的动态应力-应变曲线,根据Taylor均匀化方法得到了细观计算的宏观应力-应变曲线.结果表明:细观数值计算模型结果与8701的试验结果具有较好的一致性;在高应变率加载下,RDX晶粒和粘结剂的应力随应变都在增加,但由于RDX的强度和质量分数更大,因此对8701整体力学性能起主导作用.      

羧甲基淀粉钠提高球团强度的机理

对市售食用红薯淀粉进行羧甲基化,制备出羧甲基淀粉钠,并对合成反应机理进行了分析.以羧甲基淀粉纳为有机粘结剂进行造球试验,冷固球团干球抗压强度达322.8N/个,落下强度为16.18次/m,生球爆裂温度为820℃.此外,对羧甲基淀粉纳提高球团强度的机理进行了研究,发现当生球中加入羧甲基淀粉钠0.4%(质量分数)时,颗粒表面张力接触角由48°降至5°,粘滞力随之提高.光电子能谱研究表明羧甲基淀粉钠的极性基团在铁矿表面的键合使得Fe的2p轨道能由711eV降至710.2eV;极性基团的表面化学吸附是提高球团强度的重要因素,极性基团效应及有机链架的特殊空间网状结构是提高生球爆裂温度的关键.     

一种基于代理模型引导采样的多目标优化方法

针对复杂的实际工程多目标优化问题,提出代理模型引—手采祥的多目标优化方法。通过自适应的加强径向基函数构造的代理模型寻找Pareto优化解集,从找到的解集中通过一定策略筛选出部分作为样本点加入到下代样本空间中,样本点随着迭代的进行越来越靠近全局Pareto最优解集。从当前所有样本点中获得Pareto解,并根据其分布情况作为收敛条件。该方法中代理模型仅仅用来引导采样,也不需要反复计算大量样本点验证代理模型的精度,得到的解都被实／承模型验证过。在雌利害目标测试函数中体现了精度和效率。最后成功应用于薄板冲压成形变压边力优化中,表明了具有解决多目标实际工程优化问题的能力。     

盐蚀环境下沥青结合料化学组分及性能演化

为更好地认识盐蚀环境下沥青路面的性能损伤机理,在实验室内模拟除冰盐、融雪剂形成的盐蚀环境对沥青结合料的侵蚀作用。采用沥青四组分试验和原子力显微镜(AFM)试验评价沥青的化学组分及表面微纳观形貌特性。开展针入度、软化点、延度和粘度试验,探讨盐蚀环境下沥青结合料的性能演化情况。结果表明：在氯盐溶液中干湿循环和冻融循环处理后,沥青中的饱和分和芳香分含量减少,沥青质和胶质含量增加。沥青结合料表面粗糙度和蜂形结构面积百分比出现不同程度的下降。在盐蚀环境下,沥青结合料的针入度和延度均有不同程度的下降,软化点和粘度出现不同程度的升高。沥青结合料性能劣化的主要原因是在盐蚀环境中沥青的化学组分发生改变,出现一定程度的“盐老化现象”。     

MHA黏结剂在钒钛磁铁矿氧化球团制备中的应用

应用已发明的MHA黏结剂替代膨润土制备钒钛磁铁矿氧化球团,获得质量优良的高炉冶炼原料。研究表明:当MHA用量为0.25%,在预热温度950℃,预热时间10 min,焙烧温度1 250℃,焙烧时间10 min的条件下,获得的预热球团抗压强度为522 N/个,焙烧球团抗压强度为3 702 N/个。与2.0%膨润土球团矿比较,MHA成品球团的抗压强度略低,而TFe品位明显提高1.11%。2种黏结剂球团矿的还原性能指标接近。MHA球团黏结剂在氧化球团矿生产中具有良好的应用前景。     

PVDF与海藻酸钠黏结剂对石墨负极电化学性能的影响

应用循环伏安和恒电流充、放电等电化学方法,并结合微观测试技术对比了油性黏结剂（PVDF）和水性黏结剂（海藻酸钠）对石墨负极电化学嵌脱锂性能的影响．结果表明,黏结剂的种类对电极的电容、库效率、倍率充、放电性能以及电化学循环性能均有影响．     

红外干燥条件下水基锂电池正极涂层黏结剂分布

为探究迁移控制干燥动力学理论在红外辐射干燥条件下的适用性,在红外辐射条件下对水基锂电池正极涂层进行了干燥,应用迁移控制干燥动力学理论对极片内部黏结剂分布规律进行了分析,通过热重分析仪(thermogravimetric analyzer,TGA)对理论分析进行了检验,并使用透反偏光显微镜观察了极片涂层的上、下表面形态,应用百格刀对比了不同干燥条件下极片的力学性能.结果表明:黏结剂分布的理论计算结果与TGA实验数据及显微镜观察结果吻合,说明红外干燥条件下极片内部黏结剂分布符合迁移控制干燥动力学理论,在水分迁移的带动下涂层中黏结剂含量随着距离基材距离的增大而增大.同时,结合力学性能结果和干燥能耗水平显示,在辐射功率为200 W,辐射距离为13 cm时干极片具有较好的力学性能和经济效益.     

填料对沥青胶浆路用性能的影响

采用流变学方法定量研究填料对沥青胶浆性能的影响,所用填料包括矿粉、水泥和纤维．结果表明：填料能够明显提高沥青胶浆的高温性能,但不同填料的影响程度不同;在相同掺量下,水泥优于矿粉,聚酯纤维优于玄武岩纤维．通过沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度试验与CPN车辙试验证实了以上结论的正确性．另外,在沥青胶浆中掺入填料还可以明显提高胶浆的抗疲劳因子,所以,采用科学的方法确定填料的最佳掺量是平衡沥青胶浆高温性能与抗疲劳性能的一种手段．     

Preparation of Latex Film with Macropores and Their Applications in Pigment Dyeing

Aiming at improving the permeability of the pigment dyed fabrics,two kinds of hydrophilic polymers(polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP),and polyethylene glycol(PEG)were fed into the styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BuA)copolymer latex binder respectively to prepare films with macropores.The effects of the post-added polymers on the latex film formation process and film structures were studied and the performance of the dyed fabrics was evaluated.It was found that the drying process could still be divided into three stages even after the addition of PVP and PEG.And the water evaporation rate during the first and last stage remained the same as usual.However,after the addition of PVP,the onset of the second stage was delayed to high volume fraction,and PVP formed into spherical dispersion phase with 300 nm in diameter.It provided a great deal of interface between the latex polymer and the PVP phase,which led to an increase in the water evaporation rate during the second stage.A different case was found after the feeding of PEG.Firstly,the first stage ended at low volume fraction and a decreased evaporation rate was observed in the second stage.Secondly,the PEG dispersion appeared as finger-like structure in the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images with 9μm in length.After rinsing,pores were found only in the films formerly containing PVP or PEG,and the shapes and the sizes were closely correlated with the initial morphologies of the PVP or PEG domains.However,the shade of color,the abrasion fastness,and the permeability of the dyed fabric were independent of the type of the post-added hydrophilic polymer.     

Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Morphologies of Latex Films and Air Permeability of the Latex Finished Fabrics

Low air permeability is a common problem happening to the coating finished and pigment dyed fabrics.To tackle the problem,styrene and butyl acrylate copolymer latex was prepared and used as substitute for the binder.Then,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was fed into the latex.It was expected that pores could form in the resulting latex film after being rinsed.The morphologies of the latex films were analysized by scanning electric microscope(SEM).It was found that the continuity of the latex films decreased greatly...