铁矿球团中有机复合膨润土的强化机理

在球团生产中配加有机复合膨润土可明显提高生球强度、改善生球热稳定性、降低膨润土配比和提高球团矿铁品位.研究结果表明:在保证球团质量的前提下,有机复合膨润土配比为1.2 %时即可达到常规膨润土加入量为2.2 %时的生球强度,且爆裂温度均大于620℃,球团焙烧性能较好,成品球团矿的铁品位约提高了1.10个百分点.通过现代微观检测手段对有机复合膨润土亮作用机理的进行分析,发现有机小分子插入膨润土晶层间,其表面阴离子基团可与铁矿表面产生化学吸附,使其表面负电位增强和表面亲水性得到改善,有利于改善铁精矿成球性;另外,有机复合膨润土同时具有有机物和无机层状硅酸盐的特点,其热稳定性和高温粘结力均优于常规膨润土,改善了球团焙烧性能.     

铁矿球团有机粘结剂的分子构型及选择判据

为开发有效的铁矿球团有机粘结剂 ,需要建立系统的粘结剂结构与性能关系理论 .为此 ,提出了理想的有机粘结剂分子构型 (X—P—K) .通过实例 ,计算了极性基团COO- 及亲水基团O- 的电负性 ,初步确定了极性基团及亲水基团的选择判据 ;对粘结剂有机链架结构与性能的关系进行了定性分析 ,认为选择环形网状结构的链架较为理想 .根据分子结构的理想模型及选择判据 ,研制合成了新型粘结剂S 1 .造球试验结果表明 ,此粘结剂性能优良 ,干球强度为 32 2 .8N 个 ,落下强度为 1 6 .8m 次 ,生球爆裂温度为 82 0℃ ,克服了有机粘结剂热稳定性差的缺陷 .     

程潮铁矿球团配加黏结剂试验研究

对程潮铁矿高压辊磨前后的铁精矿分别添加膨润土、有机黏结剂、复合黏结剂进行造球试验。结果表明,单独添加少量的膨润土或有机黏结剂,其生球爆裂温度指标合格,生球强度指标不合格;采用膨润土质量分数为2.0%、有机黏结剂质量分数为0.05%的复合黏结剂,其生球抗压强度为14.5N/个、生球落下强度为(0.5m)12.1次/个、生球爆裂温度为630℃、成品球抗压强度为3 024N/个,球团质量有较大的提高。     

有机复合膨润土强化磁铁矿氧化球团机理及应用

基于有机小分子插层复合法,开发出有机复合膨润土,通过X线衍射等分析等微观手段及成球性指数测定,揭示有机复合膨润土通过化学吸附和复合分子桥联作用改善铁精矿成球的作用机理.研究结果表明:有机复合膨润土用于氧化球团工业生产,膨润土质量分数由3.0%左右降低到1.4%左右,减少50%以上;生球强度提高0.9次/(0.5 m),爆裂温度提高150℃左右,生球热稳定性明显提高,成品球团铁品位提高1.02%,成品球球团矿抗压强度提高1 kN/个以上;在降低膨润土配比前提下,生球强度和热稳定性提高,成品球团矿的强度和铁品位提高.     

混合料润磨预处理对氧化球团矿质量的影响

研究了润磨预处理对生球强度、生球爆裂温度、预热球强度和成品球质量的影响.研究结果表明:采用润磨工艺减少了膨润土用量,提高了生球强度,但降低了生球爆裂温度;经润磨后所制备的预热球及焙烧球的强度得到了显著增强.研究结果表明:通过润磨的搓揉和挤压作用使粘结剂与矿粒紧密接触,球团内部结构更致密,从而使生球强度增强,爆裂温度降低;润磨产生新表面使矿粒比表面积增大,在预热过程中加快了磁铁矿的氧化,球团矿强度明显增强.     

有机粘结剂替代膨润土制备氧化球团

为了提高球团矿铁品位,研究新型有机粘结剂D替代膨润土对球团制备的影响。研究结果表明:采用有机粘结剂D完全替代膨润土,当其用量为0.25%~0.30%(质量分数)时,即可获得满足要求的生球性能及成品球强度,但预热球强度很低,只有100 N/个左右,只能用于对预热球强度要求不高的球团生产工艺;而有机粘结剂D部分替代膨润土时,不仅可以获得良好的生球性能及成品球强度,预热球强度也可满足生产要求;在0.10%有机粘结剂D和0.50%膨润土的条件下,生球落下强度大于3次/(0.5 m),且爆裂温度大于600℃,成品球强度达到2.6~2.9 kN/个,预热球强度大于400 N/个;有机粘结剂D的应用使球团铁品位明显提高,用0.30%有机粘结剂D完全替代膨润土时,球团铁品位为64.07%,比1.0%膨润土的球团提高0.76%;采用0.10%有机粘结剂D和0.50%膨润土时,球团铁品位为63.74%,比1.0%膨润土球团提高0.43%。     

有机黏结剂强化铁精矿的成球性能

通过造球试验、红外光谱分析、动电位测定、接触角测量和黏度测定研究了有机黏结剂提高磁铁矿精矿球团强度的效果及作用机理.结果表明,以瓜尔胶(Guar)为黏结剂时湿球强度最大,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)次之,羧甲基淀粉(CMS)最小;干球强度则与黏结剂用量成显著正相关.红外分析表明,CMS和CMC主要通过羧基和羟基吸附在铁精矿表面,Guar主要通过羟基吸附在铁精矿表面.CMS和CMC使铁精矿表面电负性增强,Guar使其电负性减弱;三种有机黏结剂吸附在磁铁矿精矿表面,皆使其表面接触角减小,亲水性增强.黏结剂浓度相同时,溶液黏度越大,湿球强度越大.     

轻烧菱镁石制备与表征及其对球团生球质量的影响

以轻烧菱镁石作为造球用添加剂,考察了不同制备条件下轻烧菱镁石性质的变化以及其活性对球团生球质量的影响.研究表明:焙烧温度过低或时间过短,菱镁石分解不完全,水化活性相对较低,焙烧温度过高或时间过长同样容易破坏轻烧菱镁石活性.其中,800~850℃下焙烧获得的轻烧菱镁石具有较好的性质(活性、粒级、比表面积以及晶粒尺寸);高活性的轻烧菱镁石对改善生球抗压强度(CSGP/N)、生球落下强度(DS/次数),提高生球爆裂温度(t_b/℃)效果明显,其中,爆裂温度(t_b/℃)最大增幅可达150℃.     

钙和镁添加剂在氧化球团中的应用

对石灰石、菱镁石和白云石3种钙、镁添加剂对球团性能、TFe品位以及生产工艺的影响进行研究。研究结果表明:添加剂降低了生球落下强度和预热球抗压强度,但提高了生球爆裂温度;添加剂中的CaO使焙烧球抗压强度先升高后降低,MgO使得焙烧球抗压强度降低;加入钙、镁添加剂会降低球团矿TFe品位,通过添加生石灰或有机黏结剂取代膨润土,可以提高球团的TFe品位;钙、镁添加剂在干燥预热段分解吸热会影响链篦机的热平衡,通过在球团中内配无烟煤,由无烟煤燃烧放热来提供钙、镁添加剂热分解所需的热量,可以维持链篦机的热平衡制度;通过添加生石灰或有机黏结剂和内配适量的无烟煤,可解决钙、镁添加剂在氧化球团中应用的难题。     

球团用膨润土高温焙烧活化改性试验

探讨了膨润土焙烧活化改性的机理,找到了焙烧活化的最佳工艺参数,即焙烧温度为450℃,焙烧时间为2h.并用改性前后的膨润土进行了对比造球试验,试验结果表明球团的生球落下强度、抗压强度、爆裂温度均有所提高.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.