Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Morphologies of Latex Films and Air Permeability of the Latex Finished Fabrics

Low air permeability is a common problem happening to the coating finished and pigment dyed fabrics.To tackle the problem,styrene and butyl acrylate copolymer latex was prepared and used as substitute for the binder.Then,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was fed into the latex.It was expected that pores could form in the resulting latex film after being rinsed.The morphologies of the latex films were analysized by scanning electric microscope(SEM).It was found that the continuity of the latex films decreased greatly...     

Preparation of Latex Film with Macropores and Their Applications in Pigment Dyeing

Aiming at improving the permeability of the pigment dyed fabrics,two kinds of hydrophilic polymers(polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP),and polyethylene glycol(PEG)were fed into the styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BuA)copolymer latex binder respectively to prepare films with macropores.The effects of the post-added polymers on the latex film formation process and film structures were studied and the performance of the dyed fabrics was evaluated.It was found that the drying process could still be divided into three stages even after the addition of PVP and PEG.And the water evaporation rate during the first and last stage remained the same as usual.However,after the addition of PVP,the onset of the second stage was delayed to high volume fraction,and PVP formed into spherical dispersion phase with 300 nm in diameter.It provided a great deal of interface between the latex polymer and the PVP phase,which led to an increase in the water evaporation rate during the second stage.A different case was found after the feeding of PEG.Firstly,the first stage ended at low volume fraction and a decreased evaporation rate was observed in the second stage.Secondly,the PEG dispersion appeared as finger-like structure in the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images with 9μm in length.After rinsing,pores were found only in the films formerly containing PVP or PEG,and the shapes and the sizes were closely correlated with the initial morphologies of the PVP or PEG domains.However,the shade of color,the abrasion fastness,and the permeability of the dyed fabric were independent of the type of the post-added hydrophilic polymer.     

盐蚀环境下沥青结合料化学组分及性能演化

为更好地认识盐蚀环境下沥青路面的性能损伤机理,在实验室内模拟除冰盐、融雪剂形成的盐蚀环境对沥青结合料的侵蚀作用。采用沥青四组分试验和原子力显微镜(AFM)试验评价沥青的化学组分及表面微纳观形貌特性。开展针入度、软化点、延度和粘度试验,探讨盐蚀环境下沥青结合料的性能演化情况。结果表明：在氯盐溶液中干湿循环和冻融循环处理后,沥青中的饱和分和芳香分含量减少,沥青质和胶质含量增加。沥青结合料表面粗糙度和蜂形结构面积百分比出现不同程度的下降。在盐蚀环境下,沥青结合料的针入度和延度均有不同程度的下降,软化点和粘度出现不同程度的升高。沥青结合料性能劣化的主要原因是在盐蚀环境中沥青的化学组分发生改变,出现一定程度的“盐老化现象”。     

一种基于代理模型引导采样的多目标优化方法

针对复杂的实际工程多目标优化问题,提出代理模型引—手采祥的多目标优化方法。通过自适应的加强径向基函数构造的代理模型寻找Pareto优化解集,从找到的解集中通过一定策略筛选出部分作为样本点加入到下代样本空间中,样本点随着迭代的进行越来越靠近全局Pareto最优解集。从当前所有样本点中获得Pareto解,并根据其分布情况作为收敛条件。该方法中代理模型仅仅用来引导采样,也不需要反复计算大量样本点验证代理模型的精度,得到的解都被实／承模型验证过。在雌利害目标测试函数中体现了精度和效率。最后成功应用于薄板冲压成形变压边力优化中,表明了具有解决多目标实际工程优化问题的能力。     

高温养护对钢渣复合胶凝材料早期水化性能的影响

为了探讨高温养护时钢渣复合胶凝材料的早期水化性能,采用了化学结合水的测定、浆体显微观察、X射线衍射分析和孔隙分析等手段进行了研究。结果表明:高温养护能明显缩短复合胶凝材料的水化诱导期,加快其早期反应速率;能够同时促进水泥和钢渣的水化,提高钢渣复合胶凝材料的水化程度。高温养护能改善复合胶凝材料浆体在水化早期形成的孔结构,降低孔隙率,减小粗孔比例;但对水化产物种类的影响很小。     

木质复合材料防腐方法综述

综述了木质复合材料的防腐方法,介绍并分析了原料选择及单元预处理、制造过程处理及成品处理三大防腐方法及其特点和关键。对由各种木材单元胶合重组的复合材料而言,制造过程防腐处理最为高效便利,但应注意防腐剂与生产工艺及胶黏剂的相容性。提出木质复合材料的防腐应根据其组成单元、结构、用途、生产工艺和所用的胶黏剂,对不同产品选择合适的防腐方法及防腐剂。     

注射成形316L不锈钢粘结剂热脱脂行为和工艺

对石蜡 ( PW)基多组元粘结剂体系中组元的热脱脂行为和注射成形 316 L不锈钢的热脱脂工艺参数 ,包括样品厚度、温度和升温速率进行了研究。实验表明 ,温度和升温速率控制不当将导致脱脂缺陷的产生 ,温度小于 2 80℃时 ,脱脂量的对数与厚度的倒数成比例。     

油墨用聚氨酯粘合剂的研究

以聚醚多元醇 ,含羟基的氯乙烯共聚物 ,小分子扩链剂及甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料 ,合成了一种用于塑料印刷油墨的聚氨酯粘合剂。文中讨论了所用主要原料之间的比例、合成工艺 ,并对用该粘合剂制得的油墨的性能进行了初步探讨     

磁性涂料中粘合剂体系选择的研究

合成了几种组成 ,结构不同的聚氨酯及聚烯烃类粘合剂 ,并对其进行交叉组合 ,通过考察不同粘合剂体系的物理机械性能 ,动态热机械性能 ,相容性及对磁浆中磁粉分散度的影响 ,最终确定磁性涂层用最佳粘合剂体系。     

粘结剂对球团性能的影响分析

分析了无机、有机及无机／有机复合粘结剂对球团性能的影响,同时讨论了结剂粘度和配量与球团性能指标的关系,并指出了各类粘结剂的优缺点。