Natural diversity: A neo-essentialist misconstrual of homeostatic property cluster theory in natural kind debates

In natural kind debates, Boyd's famous Homeostatic Property Cluster theory (HPC) is often misconstrued in two ways: Not only is it thought to make for a normative standard for natural kinds, but also to require the homeostatic mechanisms underlying nomological property clusters to be uniform. My argument for the illegitimacy of both overgeneralizations, both on systematic as well as exegetical grounds, is based on the misconstrued view's failure to account for functional kinds in science. I illustrate the combination of these two misconstruals with recent entries into the natural kind debate about emotions. Finally, I examine and reject Stich's “Kornblith-Devitt method” as a potential justification of these misconstruals.     

The role of orientation experiments in discovering mechanisms

Many types of experiments have been recognized in the literature. One important type we discuss in this article is the orientation experiment. While orientation experiments are like other types of experiments in that they are tests for causal relevance, they also have other qualities. One important (but not the only) goal of these experiments is to offer a rough, qualitative characterization of the mechanism responsible for a capacity of interest, effectively constraining future research. This makes them particularly useful during the early stages of investigation, when an explanandum-phenomenon has just been identified and several (often competing) hypotheses as to the qualitative character of the mechanism responsible for it are proposed. We illustrate our claims, and explicate a number of additional aims that orientation experiments can sometimes serve, by considering three case studies from different era's, namely the discovery of the mechanisms responsible for i) the capacity of eels to produce numbing sensations (17th and 18th century), ii) puerperal fever in Semmelweis' Vienna Maternity Hospital (19th century), and iii) the capacity of pigeons to home (20th century).     

硫脲辅助溶剂热再结晶对CdS纳米颗粒形貌转变的影响

采用传统的溶剂热技术,以无水乙二胺(en)为溶剂,CdCl2·2.5H2O和硫脲(H2NCSH2N)为镉源和硫源,在相同的反应时间下,经过不同的反应温度合成了CdS纳米晶.利用X射线衍射(XRD)图谱和扫面电子显微(SEM)图像对CdS纳米晶产物进行表征,结果显示产物均为六方相的结构,当温度低于160℃时,产物为纳米颗粒状;当温度高于160℃时,产物为CdS纳米棒状.同时,着重研究了添加剂(硫脲)的添加量对CdS纳米颗粒再结晶产物形貌转变的影响,并分析了产物形貌转变的可能机制.     

跨文化联合大学校园培养复合人才的运行机制探讨

高校作为学习共同体,通过跨文化联合大学校园等多种联合培养方式,形成体系开放、机制灵活、渠道互通的人才培养模式可有效实现复合型人才的培养。联合大学校园运行机制的核心是建设多圈层、双向互动的联合培养大学群,包括“一校式”的办学模式、“一体化”的课程体系和“一站式”的服务管理。西南科技大学深入探索了跨文化联合大学校园人才培养的运行机制,充分发挥优势学科资源互补、学科交叉的作用,强化素质培养资源平台建设,探索复合型人才培养的多种模式,已初显成效。     

自制孔内摄像系统在钻孔施工中的应用

孔内摄像系统可以直接实时观察钻孔内部影像,能达到地质、测井、钻探无法做到的效果,在地质分析、钻探事故处理中起着非常重要的作用。本文从孔内摄像系统工作原理、工作流程、所用材料,制作过程、操作方法以及在实际施工中的应用加以叙述。     

基于四连杆机构的起落架缓冲器行程测量方法

针对小型飞机起落架缓冲支柱行程测试提出了一种测量方法。利用四连杆机构将位移变量转化为角度变量,通过标定试验得到角位移和行程的对应关系;再将实测得到的角位移代入标定方程,即得到实测的缓冲支柱压缩行程。经验证,该方法可以得到满足精度要求的结果;并已成功应用于某型飞机起落架缓冲支柱压缩行程的实测试验。     

Setal diversity,trophic modes and functional morphology of feeding appendages of two callianassid shrimps,Callichirus major and Sergio mirim (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae)

In the present study we investigate the trophic behaviour, stomach content and morphology of the feeding appendages, with emphasis on setae, of two callianassids; a generalist feeder, Callichirus major (Say, 1818) and a strict deposit feeder, Sergio mirim (Rodrigues, 1971). Of the 87 setal types described, only 5% were common to both species. Setal types were clustered in four main categories; plumed, serrate, plumodenticulate and simple. Callichirus major has higher setal diversity than S. mirim. Relative to the amount of setal types present in each species, C. major has a higher ratio of serrate to plumodenticulate setal types and similar percentages of plumed and simple setae. Examining the setae and spatial position of the segments of the feeding appendages, it is possible to infer that the main function of the dactyli, propodi and basal endites is to brush particles, while the meri, ischia and coxal endites retain sediment. The setal diversity found on the feeding appendages reflected the diverse trophic strategies of the callianassid species studied. Exclusive deposit feeders, e.g. S. mirim, appear to have fewer setal types than generalist feeders, e.g. C. major. Apparently, the higher ratio of serrate to plumodenticulate setal types in Callianassidae depends more on the necessity to triturate particles prior to ingestion than on the trophic mechanism used by the species.     

槽轮间歇机构优化设计

在分析了槽轮机构工作原理和设计中所存在的问题基础上，建立了数学模型，并对参数进行了优化设计，有效地解决了槽轮机构在运动过程中的不平稳性，最大限度的降低了冲击，为进一步和CAD系统的连接提供了有效途径。     

现代信息技术对高校学风建设的影响及思考——以大理学院为例

本文针对现代信息技术对高校学风建设的影响，以大理学院为例系统的分析了现代信息技术对高校学风正负面的影响。并提出了加强学风建设的方法、措施及思考，最大限度降低现代信息技术对高校学风建设的负面影响。以期在全校内形成更好的学风氛围。     

产学研过程中的科技中介系统作用机理问题研究

产学研在本质上是一个科技研究与创新活动的完整过程,科技中介系统在产学研过程中发挥着枢纽作用,科技中介系统在产学研中发挥枢纽作用的内在机理在于利润驱动,只有加强科技中介系统的市场化、企业化发展,产学研的合作才能真正建立起来,实现产学研的根本价值和目标。