尼克酰胺核苷构象稳定性的理论研究

采用从头算(HF与MP2)和密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,在3-21G 和6-31+G?水平上研究了尼克酰胺核苷(NR)的构象.分别探讨了在气相及液相(水和氯仿)中 NR 分子和一水合物异构体的相对稳定性,分析了溶剂分子的参与对NR异构体的相对稳定性和几何结构参数的影响.结果表明：孤立的NR分子在气相中存在36种稳定构象,其中最稳定的为南式构象NR-S,而最稳定的北式构象为NR-K’,能量比前者高出10.6 kJ/mol (ΔG298K).NR 分子中酰胺基团优势构象为反式,ω,P 或γ参数的改变可以为 NR 分子提供大约8.4~23.7 kJ/mol(ΔG298K )稳定化能.不管是南式还是北式褶皱,最稳定 NR 分子构象中都存在多根分子内氢键,且5’-OH 基团都为顺式构象(γ≈-63°).溶剂效应使一部分NR分子构象相对稳定性降低,而一部分则升高,改变了NR分子各构象的相对稳定性顺序.水分子的加入与酰胺基团结合形成氢键,对NR分子的构型影响较大,而与糖环上羟基结合形成氢键,则影响较小.     

单层和双层氧化锌纳米管的稳定性和电子性质

运用第一性原理方法研究了单层和双层ZnO纳米管的结构稳定性和电子性质.结果表明,单层管的稳定性随着纳米管直径的增大而增大,而双层管的稳定性几乎与纳米管的直径和厚度无关,并且双层管的稳定性比单层管高.所有纳米管都显示了直接带隙半导体特性.其中,双层管的带隙比单层管的带隙大,并且几乎与纳米管的直径和厚度无关.由于量子尺寸效应,纳米管的带隙比纤锌矿体材料的带隙大.     

NaB_5H_n团簇的几何结构与电子性质的理论研究

使用密度泛函理论（DFT）的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311＋g（d）基组水平上对NaB5Hn团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构：并对最稳定结构的平均结合能（Eb）,二阶能量差分（△2E）和能隙（Eg）等进行了理论研究：结果表明,随着氢原子数的增加,NaB5Hn团簇的结构由平面转变为复杂的三维立体结构,当氢原子数小于4时,簇的结构为平面构型,其他所有的团簇都是三维立体结构;NaB5Hn团簇的平均结合能、二阶差分能和能隙等均表现出明显的＂奇-偶＂振荡和＂幻数＂效应;NaB5H8,NaB5H12,NaB5H18和NaB5H20团簇稳定性大于NaB5Hn中的其他团簇,为NaB5Hn团簇中最稳定的几种团簇。     

5种氨基酸缓蚀机理的量子化学及分子动力学研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上,计算甘氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸及蛋氨酸5种氨基酸类缓蚀剂的前线分子轨道能量、最高占有轨道、最低空轨道的组成及各重原子的自然电荷分布、亲核Fukui指数和亲电Fukui指数.结果表明,这5种氨基酸缓蚀性能与其分子的最高占据轨道能量EHoMo及能级差△E密切相关,EHoMo越大、△E越小,其缓蚀性能越好.其次,通过分析分子最高占有轨道、最低空轨道的组成及原子的Fukui指数,探讨此类缓蚀剂分子的反应活性位点,发现这5种氨基酸是通过N、S及羰基O原子与金属形成配位键而具有缓蚀效果.运用分子动力学模拟,获得了这5种氨基酸分子与Fe(111)晶面的结合能,结合能排列顺序由大到小依次为蛋氨酸＞精氨酸＞天冬氨酸＞亮氨酸＞甘氨酸.为判断氨基酸类缓蚀剂性能的优劣,合成新型、高效氨基酸类缓蚀剂提供了理论依据.     

氢分子吸附碳纳米管场发射性质的密度泛函理论研究

使用第一原理密度泛函理论方法,对吸附氢分子的开口(5,5)单壁碳纳米管在有电场和无电场情况下的性质进行研究。研究结果表明在有电场发射条件下,吸附氢分子后的结构更加稳定。氢分子吸附后,费米能级处的局域态密度增加。     

彩色扩印机的偏色与密度校正

利用CCD扫描的ACCS系统在彩色扩印机上的应用检测底片的色彩和密度。转换成数字信号，编制在程序电路中，以取得最佳扩印效果。     

网络式农药细雾立体撒布系统的研究

在人工栽培设施条件下，鲜切花极易遭受病虫害危害而造成产量和质量损失。根据网络原理，针对温室，大棚等设施内气流较为稳定，种植床分布规则等特点，通过药液集中稀释加压，高压管网分区排列，小孔径喷头分层立体多点定位等系统单元，研制可自动调压，任意接驳的网络式农药细雾立体撒布系统。     

Comparison of the effect of hydrogen incorporation and oxygen vacancies on the properties of anatase TiO2: electronics,optical absorption,and interaction with water

Hydrogenation has been recently developed as an approach to improve the visible-light response of titanium dioxide （TiO2）; however, the effect of hydrogenation on the electronics and optical absorption of anatase TiO2 has been widely debated. In this work, the electronic structures and optical properties of hydrogenated TiO2 and its interaction with water have been studied using the density functional theory plus Hubbard model. A comparison of the effect of hydrogenation and introduction of oxygen vacancies （OVs） to TiO2 is presented. It is found that both hydrogenation and OVs can promote the absorption of visible light and strengthen the adsorption of water. Compared with OVs, hydrogen incorporation can lead to local distortion and even amorphous structures when it is heavily doped.     

Growth mechanism of liquid Hg/solid β-HgS metal-semiconductor heterostructures

Density functional theory （DFT） was utilized to simulate the reactions occurred in the mixture solution of cysteine and Hg（II） ions with the ratio 〈 2. Simulation result shows that Hg ions will coordinate to cysteine by the thiol groups with the form of S-Hg2 and S-Hg3; and moreover, the content of free Hg ions can only be reduced by these two forms. OH- plays an important role in the growth of β-HgS, because its nucleophilic substitution reaction supplies plenty of Hg-S-Hg radicals, which will be adsorbed onto the surface of liquid mercury ball and form the precursor of 13-HgS（111） plane. Three valent bonds adsorption of Hg-S-Hg radicals onto the surface of Hg ball has more adsorption energy （-32.768 kcal mol-1） than that of two valent bond adsorption （-20.882 kcal - mol-1）. Hg balls will stop growing after completely covered with Hg-S-Hg radicals and their size will be limited. The growth direction of β-HgS is parallel to the ＂repel- ling＂ force, that is [111] direction in β-HgS lattice. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental observations, demonstrating that the DFT method can be taken as a very useful tool to interpret the solution reactions that cannot be solved by conventional methods.     

Compression behavior of Sm）2Ti2O7-pyrochlore up to 50 GPa：single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 50 GPa has been employed to study the compression behavior of Sm2Ti2O7-pyrochlore. In contrast to earlier reports, we observed no pressure-induced amorphization or pressure-induced anion disorder up to 50 GPa. The experimental study has been complemented by density functional theory-based calculations. A combination of the theoretical and experimental data yields a bulk modulus of 185 GPa, significantly higher than a value which had been reported earlier. In comparison to earlier work, the current study provides more reliable data due to the use of neon as a pressure medium, which provides a more hydrostatic pressure than the aluminum, which had been employed as a pressure medium in the earlier studies. An analysis of the compressibility of Al2B2O7 pyrochlores shows an approximately linear dependence of the bulk modulus on the unit cell volume.