稻瘟病菌粗毒素对水稻幼胚愈伤组织的影响及抗性筛选

利用目前稻瘟病不同的优势小种菌株的液体培养提取的粗毒素对水稻幼胚进行处理,稻瘟病菌粗毒素提取液对水稻幼胚的愈伤的诱导和分化的有明显的抑制效应。随着毒素浓度的增加,水稻胚性愈伤获得率和分化能力显著降低。在诱导培养基中加入毒素对幼胚的筛选取效果较好,可以获得较多的胚性愈伤和较多的分化苗。培养基中毒素的浓度处理以30%效果好。水稻幼胚的抗性筛选过程中胚性愈伤获得和分化苗数较高,是很好的培养材料;而且不同的水稻品种产生的耐性不同,并可以同时筛选出抗稻瘟病的突变体。     

野生草本植物的水提液对水稻生化他感作用的研究

从生化他感作用的角度,研究了几种常见野生草本植物的水提液对水稻萌发及生长的影响.实验结果表明,泥胡菜对水稻种子萌发、芽和根的生长都具有促进作用,为进一步研究促进型生化他感物质提供了基础.     

稻瘟病菌粗毒素对水稻幼胚愈伤组织的影响及抗性筛选

利用目前稻瘟病不同的优势小种菌株的液体培养提取的粗毒素对水稻幼胚进行处理,稻瘟病菌粗毒素提取液对水稻幼胚的愈伤的诱导和分化的有明显的抑制效应.随着毒素浓度的增加,水稻胚性愈伤获得率和分化能力显著降低.在诱导培养基中加入毒素对幼胚的筛选取效果较好,可以获得较多的胚性愈伤和较多的分化苗.培养基中毒素的浓度处理以30%效果好.水稻幼胚的抗性筛选过程中胚性愈伤获得和分化苗数较高,是很好的培养材料;而且不同的水稻品种产生的耐性不同,并可以同时筛选出抗稻瘟病的突变体.     

水稻栽培稻分类研究的现状与展望

简述了稻属、栽培稻种分类研究的现状,我国栽培稻种主要分类系统及籼、粳亚种的鉴别方法.全世界稻属植物的种共归纳为22个种,分属9个染色体组;栽培稻在亚种分级上主要可分为籼、粳两亚种或籼、粳和爪哇三个亚种,多数学者倾向于只分籼、粳两个亚种;亚种以下可分为生态群、生态型、品种或生态群、生态型、变种和品种,生态群、生态型的性状和指标不一,尚未统一;在分类方法上主要以形态特征,杂交亲和力,同工酶和植物学性状综合数值等来划分,而籼粳分子水平上的鉴别与分类也开始得到应用.栽培稻亚种间亲缘关系、亲和性及其与杂种优势的关系仍然是栽培稻分类研究的主要方向.     

Taxonomic relationship betweenOryza minuta andO. officinalis based on AP-PCR analysis

The arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) technique was used to detect polymorphisms in genomic DNA fromOryza minuta, O. officinalis, and related rice species. The results show that the genetic distance betweenO. minuta andO. officinalis is much higher than that between two known species,O. sativa andO. rufipogon, showing thatO. minuta andO. officinalis should be classified as two different species in genusOryza, and that the AP-PCR technique can be used as a powerful tool for studying taxonomic relationships among related species, and even subspecies. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Yi Qingming: born in Apr. 1938, Professor     

Morphology and mapping analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) clustered spikelets( Cl) mutant

The rice clustered spikelets (Cl) mutant exhibits a phenotype that most of branch apical have 2-3 spikelets clustered together,SEM (scanning electron microscope )observation suggested that the Cl gene controlled branch apical development,and influenced the terminal spikelets elongation,The spikelet number was reduced in mutant,indicating that Cl may also have an effect on spikelet number,To map Cl locus,two F2 mapping populations derived from the crosses between the Cl and ZhongHua11,and Cl and ZheFu802 were constructed ,respectively,The Cl locus was roughly mapped between two CAPS markers CK0214 and SS0324,A further fine mapping analysis showed that the Cl locus was mapped between makers R0674E and Cl12560,with genetic distances of 0.2 and 2.1 cM,respectively ,Then we found a PAC conting spanning Cl locus,the region was delimited to 196 kb.This results was useful for cloning of the Cl gene,Allelism test demonstrated that Cl was allelic to Cl2 another rice clustered spikelets mutant.     

Can transgenic rice cause ecological risks through transgene escape?

Alien transgene escape from genetically engineered rice to non-transgenic varieties or close wild relatives (including weedy rice) may lead to unpredictable ecological risks. However, for transgene escape to occur three conditions need to be met: (i) spatially, transgenic rice and its non-transgenic counterparts or wild relatives should have sympatric distributions; (ii) temporally, the flowering time of transgenic rice and the non-transgenic varieties or wild relatives should overlap; and (iii) biologically, transgenic rice and its wild relative species should have such a sufficiently close relationship that their interspecific hybrids can have normal generative reproduction. This paper presents research data on the geographic distribution, flowering habits, interspecific hybridization, and gene flow of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and its closely related wild relatives containing the AA genome. The objective is to estimate the possibility of transgene escape to non-transgenic rice varieties and wild relatives of rice, which may result in unpredictable ecological risks.     

水稻稻瘟病菌粗毒素对水稻幼穗组织培养的影响及抗性筛选

利用目前稻瘟病不同的优势小种菌株的液体培养提取的粗毒素对水稻幼穗进行处理,稻瘟病菌粗毒素对幼穗的愈伤诱导和分化有强烈的破坏作用,并且随着处理时间的增加或毒素浓度的增大受到破坏的程度愈深.用稻瘟病菌粗毒素浸泡幼穗对其愈伤诱导和分化都产生很强的抑制作用,能够起到抗性筛选的目的,处理的时间在24h以内可以得到胚性愈伤和分化成苗;筛选时毒素的浓度以30%为宜;用粗毒素直接浸泡幼穗愈伤组织对愈伤的伤害很大,得到的分化植株相对较少,但仍可作为一种抗性愈伤筛选的方法,其处理时间以24h较好;而且不同的水稻品种产生的耐性不同,并可以同时筛选出抗稻瘟病的突变体.     

拟南芥、水稻和杨树ACTIN家族全基因组分析

鉴定了覆盖拟南芥、水稻和杨树3种模式植物全基因组的20个拟南芥、18个水稻、22个杨树ACTIN蛋白基因,对其染色体定位、基因结构、基因复制等进行了综合分析.并在系统进化分析基础上,将ACTIN基因家族分为12个亚家族,有助于揭示植物ACTIN基因家族的进化历史,为后续ACTIN基因家族的功能提供线索,对研究植物ACTIN基因家族功能和进化上的多样性提供理论基础.     

水稻稻瘟病菌粗毒素对水稻幼穗组织培养的影响及抗性筛选

利用目前稻瘟病不同的优势小种菌株的液体培养提取的粗毒素对水稻幼穗进行处理,稻瘟病菌粗毒素对幼穗的愈伤诱导和分化有强烈的破坏作用,并且随着处理时间的增加或毒素浓度的增大受到破坏的程度愈深。用稻瘟病菌粗毒素浸泡幼穗对其愈伤诱导和分化都产生很强的抑制作用,能够起到抗性筛选的目的,处理的时间在24h以内可以得到胚性愈伤和分化成苗;筛选时毒素的浓度以30%为宜;用粗毒素直接浸泡幼穗愈伤组织对愈伤的伤害很大,得到的分化植株相对较少,但仍可作为一种抗性愈伤筛选的方法,其处理时间以24h较好;而且不同的水稻品种产生的耐性不同,并可以同时筛选出抗稻瘟病的突变体。