PEMFC电催化剂利用率研究方法的探讨

提高电催化剂的利用率以降低质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的成本，是加速其商业化的一个重要途径。文中讨论了现有的CV法在研究PEMFC电催化剂利用率时存在的一些问题，如CV法扫描速度的影响及Pt理论比表面积难于准确确定等，为了较好地解决这一问题，提出了一种以单位质量电催化剂产生电池功率或电能来表示膜电极中电催化剂利用率的方法。     

Phytanic acid impairs mitochondrial respiration through protonophoric action

Refsum disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of the dietary branched-chain fatty acid phytanic acid in plasma and tissues caused by a defect in the alphaoxidation pathway. The accumulation of phytanic acid is believed to be the main pathophysiological cause of the disease. However, the exact mechanism(s) by which phytanic acid exerts its toxicity have not been resolved. In this study, the effect of phytanic acid on mitochondrial respiration was investigated. The results show that in digitonin-permeabilized fibroblasts, phytanic acid decreases ATP synthesis, whereas substrate oxidation per se is not affected. Importantly, studies in intact fibroblasts revealed that phytanic acid decreases both the mitochondrial membrane potential and NAD(P)H autofluorescence. Taken together, the results described here show that unesterified phytanic acid exerts its toxic effect mainly through its protonophoric action, at least in human skin fibroblasts. Received 4 August 2007; received after revision 26 September 2007; accepted 10 October 2007 J. C. Komen, F. Distelmaier: These authors contributed equally to this work.     

新型纳米纤维膜对地下水中重金属的过滤去除研究

采用扫描电镜表征了氯化聚氯乙烯静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的微观结构特征,并进行了去除地下水中铜、铅、镉等重金属阳离子的过滤试验,包括直接过滤、加土壤过滤、加硅藻土过滤和胶束强化过滤。结果表明,最佳的过滤工艺是胶束强化过滤,其最佳试验条件是10层膜过滤和5mmol/L的SDBS浓度,对铜、铅、镉的去除率分别超过73%,82%和91%。     

用超滤法处理回用生活污水

研究了用超滤法处理山西铝厂生活污水站出水的阻力特性及清洗可恢复性,通过试验对比了颗粒活性炭、微滤 颗粒活性炭和混凝进行处理污水后的超滤效果.试验结果表明,污水经微滤 颗粒活性炭预处理后,可以得到较好的过滤效果,过滤阻力低;用质量浓度为500mg/L的NaClO溶液反洗浸泡后可以得到较好的清洗效果;混凝可以去除悬浮物、胶体及污水中的部分有机物,明显降低了膜过滤阻力;超滤的产水水质符合生活杂用水标准GB JXX—2001的要求.     

乳化液膜法净化湿法磷酸除镁研究

采用乳化液膜技术对湿法磷酸进行脱镁净化是一种净化湿法磷酸的新途径。采用正交试验设计方法组织实验，结果表明在实验研究范围内，萃取剂对湿法磷酸中脱镁效果有高度显著的影响，而表面活性剂、膜试剂和反萃取剂对镁的脱除有一定影响。     

Growth hormone signal transduction

Growth hormone (GH) promotes animal growth by stimulating bone and cartilage cell proliferation, and influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Some of these effects are brought about indirectly via somatomedin induction in hepatocytes, others by acting directly on the target cells. In either case, GH first binds to specific receptors on cells to trigger a sequence of biochemical events culminating in a biological response. Recently much has been learnt about the molecular structure of GH receptor, its binding to ligand, and the ensuing signal transduction events.     

生物滴滤塔净化中低浓度H2S气体的挂膜实验研究

本文通过对两种填料处理硫化氢气体的挂膜实验研究,表明挂膜方法、填料性能、温度、PH值、入口浓度等均影响挂膜效果与硫化氢去除率,并且得出陶粒挂膜启动时间比阶梯环快。     

膜结构裁剪及展开的修正二次测地线法

对膜结构裁剪分析中目前应用较广的裁剪线的生成方法进行了比较研究，提出修正二次测地线法。确定了采用测地线作为裁剪线及展开图形的基准线。之后对已有图形展开方法——二次测地线法做了适当改进，提出修正二次测地线法。     

Changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid composition affect the transient decrease in membrane order which accompanies insulin receptor down-regulation

We have recently demonstrated, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, that insulin receptor internalization in response to insulin incubation (down-regulation) in human erythrocytes is accompanied by a transient decrease in membrane order, as measured by the 2T order parameter. Since membrane lipids play such an important role in receptor internalization, we investigated the possible effects that an alteration of the normally-occurring lipid profile might have on down-regulation and the concomitant transient decrease in membrane order. Consequently, human erythrocytes enriched with cholesterol and erythrocytes from cirrhotic patients were examined, because both of these groups of cells have a higher cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio (CH/PL) than controls. The 5-nitroxystearate spin label, which inserts into the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, was used to monitor changes in 2T for a 3-h period at 37°C. We report here that both cholesterol-enriched and cirrhotic erythrocytes do not down-regulate, as demonstrated by binding assays, and that they do not show the typical transient decrease in membrane order observed in controls. The results seem to indicate that a more ordered membrane inhibits internalization of the insulin receptor in erythrocytes, and that an increase in membrane disorder is necessary for insulin receptor down-regulation.     

Non-host-selective fungal phytotoxins: Biochemical aspects of their mode of action

During the last decade increasing attention has been directed towards the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the biological activity of phytotoxins. Studies on the mode of action of some non-host-selective phytotoxins, some following on from previous observations, have demonstrated a very specific interaction with particular components of the cell machinery, and have suggested the possible use of these phytotoxins as tools for the investigation of important biochemical processes. This review article reports and discusses results of studies carried out in the 1980s with seven non-host-selective fungal toxins: brefeldin A, cercosporin,Cercospora beticola toxin, fusicoccin, ophiobolins, tentoxin, and zinniol. Each of these interferes with the life of the host by interacting with a different biochemical target.