新型纳米纤维膜对地下水中重金属的过滤去除研究

采用扫描电镜表征了氯化聚氯乙烯静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的微观结构特征,并进行了去除地下水中铜、铅、镉等重金属阳离子的过滤试验,包括直接过滤、加土壤过滤、加硅藻土过滤和胶束强化过滤。结果表明,最佳的过滤工艺是胶束强化过滤,其最佳试验条件是10层膜过滤和5mmol/L的SDBS浓度,对铜、铅、镉的去除率分别超过73%,82%和91%。

Filtration of Heavy Metal-contaminated Groundwater Using a Novel Nanofiber Membrane

A novel nanofiber membrane, named M-1, is prepared from chlorinated polyvinyl chloride by high-voltage electrospinning process. The removals of divalent metal cations including Cu2 , Pb2 and Cd2 from the simulated groundwater by M-1 have been investigated. To obtain the best heavy metal removal, several filtration methods using M-1 have been presented, including direct filtration, soil-addition filtration, diatomite-addition filtration and micellar enhanced filtration (MEF). The best filtration method for M-1 to remove heavy metal cations is MEF whose optimal experimental conditions are 10-layer filtration and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) concentration of 5mmol/L. The experimental results show that the rejections of copper in the simulated groundwater by MEF using M-1 can reach more than 73%; the rejections of lead more than 82%; and the rejections of cadmium more than 91%.