山楂叶螨抗药性机制的初步研究

采用玻片浸渍法测定了山西省忻州、晋中和运城地区山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensisZacher)种群对水胺硫磷和甲氰菊酯的抗药性,并通过增效剂增效作用和生化测定,初步探索了山楂叶螨对水胺硫磷和甲氰菊酯的抗性机制.研究表明忻州、晋中和运城地区山楂叶螨种群对水胺硫磷分别表现为低、中和高水平抗性,忻州和晋中地区种群对甲氰菊酯表现中水平抗性,运城地区种群对甲氰菊酯产生了高水平抗性;山楂叶螨对水胺硫磷抗性的形成与乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感度降低有关,对甲氰菊酯抗性的形成与表皮穿透能力降低有关,另外,谷胱甘肽     

3种常见有机磷农药对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼的急性毒性

开展了三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、增效水胺硫磷对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验,结果表明:三唑磷对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0.080mg/L,0.065mg/L,0.060mg/L,0.050mg/L;乙酰甲胺磷对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为113.783mg/L,114.451mg/L,113.366mg/L,113.214mg/L;增效水胺硫磷对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0.736mg/L,0.549mg/L,0.469mg/L,0.280mg/L。麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼对三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、增效水胺硫磷96h安全质量浓度分别为0.005mg/L、0.028mg/L和11.321mg/L,3种有机磷农药的毒性大小依次为三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、增效水胺硫磷。最后,还就三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、增效水胺硫磷对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应特征以及麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼对三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、增效水胺硫磷的安全浓度进行了评价。     

茶叶中水胺硫磷、亚胺硫磷、甲基对硫磷和伏杀硫磷农药残留的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了茶叶中4种有机磷农药──水胺硫磷、亚胺硫磷、甲基对硫磷和伏杀硫磷残留的高效液相色谱测定方法.在45℃加温条件下用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1◇1,by vol.)混合溶剂提取待测目标物、活性炭层析柱净化,用10.0 mL乙酸乙酯-正己烷(6◇1,by vol.)淋洗待测组分,以Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱、乙腈-水混合液梯度洗脱分离、二极管阵列检测器测定.结果表明,上述4种农药在6.5 min内能很好地分离;样品中添加的待测组分能定量回收,回收率89.0%~108.0%,相对标准偏差为1.89%~5.96%(1.0μg/mL,n=5),检出限分别为:水胺硫磷9.82μg/kg、亚胺硫磷7.88μg/kg、甲基对硫磷2.19μg/kg、伏杀硫磷0.72μg/kg(dm).     

30%水胺·氰乳油配方筛选研究

确定了水胺硫磷与氰戊菊酯的最佳配方比例 ,并对 3 0 %水胺·氰乳油进行了室内毒力的测定 .结果表明 ,水胺硫磷与氰戊菊酯以 5∶1的混配为最佳组合 ,以粘虫、棉铃虫为试虫进行室内毒力测定的共毒系数分别为 15 3 .2和 178,具有明显的增效作用 .田间试验表明 ,3 0 %水胺·氰乳油对棉铃虫具有较好的防治效果 .     

Determination of isocarbophos by cathodically sweeping oscilliopolarography

Determination of isocarbophos by cathodically sweeping oscilliopolarography is described. In a 1.0×10⁻⁵ mol/L sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDS)+0.1 mol/L HAC-NaAC (pH=4.0) buffer medium, isocarbophos and its alkaline hydrolysate exhibited sensitive second derivative wave at −0.50 V and −0.48 V respectively. The peak current was linearly proportional to the concentration of isocarbophos in the range of 5.40×10⁻⁶−1.05×10⁻⁴ mol/L by detecting isocarbophos directly. The detection limit was 3.60×10⁻⁶ mol/L with the relative standard derivation (RSD) of 7.3%. By employing an alkaline hydrolysis, the peak current was linearly proportional to the concentration of isocarbophos in the range from 7.70×10⁻⁷ mol/L to 1.24×10⁻⁴ mol/L, and the detection limit was 5.80×10⁻⁷ mol/L with RSD of 3.1%. The hydrolysis procedure and the electrode reaction were studied by voltammetry. Foundation item: Supported by the Foundation of Chinese-France Cooperation Program on Advanced Research Biography: ZHANG Wu-ming (1929-), female, Professor.     

CdSe薄膜电极光电催化降解水胺硫磷农药研究

采用循环伏安电沉积技术在ITO(氧化锡铟)导电玻璃上制备了CdSe薄膜电极,应用扫描电镜、透射电镜、紫外可见漫反射和能谱分析表征了CdSe薄膜的形貌和组成。使用该电极对水胺硫磷农药进行光电催化降解实验。结果表明,在水胺硫磷初始浓度为20 mg.L-1,支持电解质为NaCl(0.1 mol.L-1),阳极偏压为0.6 V,150 W卤钨灯照射3 h的条件下,水胺硫磷的降解率为73.6%。在较低水胺硫磷浓度(20 mg.L-1)条件下,CdSe薄膜电极光电催化降解水胺硫磷农药的速率可用一级动力学方程来描述。