Common Molecular Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer

During its lifetime, the mammary gland undergoes many phases of development and differentiation. Much of this occurs during puberty, when the ductal epithelium expands by branching morphogenesis, invading the surrounding fat pad to form an organised mammary tree. Throughout its existence, the epithelium will go through several cycles of proliferation and cell death during pregnancy, lactation and involution. Many of the signalling mechanisms which control the initial invasion of the fat pad by the epithelium, and regulate its continuing plasticity, can be harnessed or corrupted by tumour cells in order to support their aberrant growth and progression towards invasion. This is true not just for the epithelial cells themselves but also for cells in the surrounding microenvironment, including fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes. This review examines the complex web of signalling and adhesion interactions controlling branching morphogenesis, and how their alteration can promote malignancy. Current in vivo and in vitro mammary gland models are also discussed. (Part of a Multi-author Review)     

革胡子鲇触须和口腔粘膜的味觉器官

应用组织学切片和电镜扫描的方法，对革胡子鲇上颌须和口腔味蕾的组织形态特征进行了比较研究．发现分属于两个亚感觉通路（迷走叶和面叶味觉系统）的两类味蕾，其感受器细胞组成和形态结构没有明显的不同，主要区别为味蕾是否通过味孔与外界接触，以及在上皮中的分布状况．革胡子鲇口腔内也有少量面神经叶支配的味蕾位于口腔横瓣上．由迷走神经叶支配的味蕾成簇集中腭部．感觉细胞的微绒毛突出于顶端，有味刺激物能直接到达味感觉细胞膜上．其形态结构表明，鱼类味觉是接触性或近距离化学感受器．     

关于单花莸的二型花的补记

陈介(1964)在四棱草属(Schuabelia)中发现了二型花,即开花授粉型的花(chasmoga-mous)和闭花授粉型的花(cleistogs)。本文作者于1985年指出单花莸(Caryopteris nepetoefolia(Benth.)Maxim.)也有二型花。自从K.J Maximowicz在1876年将Tenn nepetaefolia从香科属(Teucrnm)转隶到莸属(Caryopteris)以来,有关它的这一特征一直无人知晓。单花莸与四棱草属的二型花不仅有相同的结构,而且也都是发生在同一植株上;就花期而言,开花授粉型花的花期在先,闭花授粉型花的花期在后;从花的着生位置看,两种类型的花各自生在其聚伞花序上。迄今,几乎所有已出版的植物志均未提到单花莸有二型花。为此,本文对其作了补充描述,并简略讨论了二型花在植物进化上的意义。     

Paranormal health claims

Summary Faith in paranormal cures has always been the last hope of many sufferers from chronic or incurable diseases. Magico-religious rituals of healing are still around, but some have been replaced by pseudo-scientific systems, thinly disguising old superstitions in new obscurantism, more appealing to the half-educated. in medical quackery, inventiveness seems to be limitless, and only the main paranormal healing systems can be reviewed here. The increasing popularity of alternative healing indicates the extent of dissatisfaction with dehumanising aspects of modern, technological medicine and its preoccupation with curing the curable at the expense of caring for the incurable. This leaves the sufferers, and also healthy people labelled with non-existent diseases, bleeding prey for the sharks roving the seas of medical ignorance. Medicine came into the world with a twin brother called Charlatanism — Lavoisier     

苹果叶片不定芽的高频诱导及植株再生的研究

体外建立并扩繁了苹果品种“乔纳金”、“新世界”、“王林”,“北斗”的无性系,在ＭＳ附加ＢＡ０．５￣２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＩＢＡ０．１￣０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基中,２个月内芽的数量可增至５倍,在ＭＳ培养基附加ＢＡ５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＩＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的下,４个品种的叶片再生率可达９０％以上,其中以“乔纳金”最高,可达１００％,当ＴＤＺ为３ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＩＡＡ０．２为０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ时,其再生频率明显高于ＢＡ。     

铁皮石斛原球茎生长分化及生根壮苗研究

目的:筛选适宜铁皮石斛原球茎生长分化及生根壮苗的培养基,提高继代扩繁系数和组培苗的质量.方法:在相同的培养条件下,把相同发育阶段的原球茎接种于含不同激素比例的培养基中生长;把丛生芽接种于蔗糖浓度不同的培养基中生长;把相同高度的幼苗接种于含不同附加物的培养基中生长;对结果所产生的不同生长状况进行综合分析.结果:原球茎的增殖以1/2MS添加BA2.0mg/L NAA0.5mg/L或BA3.0mg/L NAA0.5mg/L的激素比例为佳;原球茎分化以1/2MS添加BA2.0mg/L NAA0.2mg/L或BA3.0mg/L NAA0.2mg/L的激素比例为佳;丛生芽的生长中以30%蔗糖浓度的培养基为佳;生根壮苗中最佳的附加物为香蕉.     

不同光质对一品红幼茎愈伤组织的诱导和器官分化影响的研究

一品红幼嫩茎段在离体培养过程中，不同光质对愈伤组织的诱导及根、芽分化有不同的效应．实验结果表明，红光、黄光、蓝光、绿光对愈伤组织的形成均有一定的促进作用，其促进作用大小为：红光＞绿光＞黄光、蓝光＞白光；在芽的分化过程中，各色光均表现出不同程度的抑制作用，黄光的抑制作用最显著，绿光的抑制作用最弱．     

新几内亚凤仙离体快速繁殖技术研究

取新几内亚凤仙具有顶芽或腋芽的新生茎段为外植体，诱导芽体萌发，进行繁殖培养．通过大量试验，筛选出各阶段适宜的培养基组成．萌芽诱导阶段培养在MS 6-BA2．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L中，顶芽萌发早，生长快；在继代和增殖培养中以MS 6-BA1．5mg／L NAA0．2mg／L培养基效果最好．1／2MS NAA0．2mg／L诱导生根，生根率可达100％．根质量较好；适宜条件下炼苗移栽．试管苗成活率缺95％以上。     

太原市发展屋顶绿化应注意的若干问题

屋顶绿化是我国城市建设的一个崭新亮点，它既有增加城市绿地面积、发挥生态林业的作用，又有美化城市、为居民提供活动场所的功能。简要介绍了国内外屋顶绿化的发展状况，分析了太原市发展屋顶绿化的技术难点，提出了地毯式、花槽连网架式、花园式3种屋顶绿化模式，并建议就不同模式进行试点。     

贵州省花卉产业发展前景及对策

在对花卉产业作界定和简述国内外花卉产业发展概况的基础上,对贵州省花卉业现状和发展前景作了分析,并提出了一些见解和建议。