Detecting MoS2 and MoSe2 with optical contrast simulation

Optical imaging is a promising method to identify and locate 2D materials efficiently and non-invasively. By putting a 2D material on a substrate, the nanolayer will add to an optical path and create a contrast to the case when the nanolayer is absent. This optical contrast imaging can be used to identify the 2D material and its number of layers. To make the optical imaging process in the laboratories an effective tool, Fresnel Law as a model was used to simulate the optical imaging results of 2D materials(graphene, Mo S2 and MoSe_2) on top of different thickness of SiO_2 and Si wafer in the present investigation. The results provide the details of the optimal conditions(optimal light wavelength and optimal SiO_2 thickness) to identify and locate single to few 2D nanolayers, which can be used directly in laboratories. The optical contrasts of 1–5 layers of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_2) and molybdenum diselenide(MoSe_2) were simulated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the optical contrast results of MoSe_2 have been reported. In particular, this work highlights the sensitivity of the model on the accuracy of the refractive indices used. It is demonstrated that through computational modeling that optical contrast can allow effective determination of number of layers in few layer 2D materials.     

微波辅助溶胶-凝胶法合成镧掺杂钛酸钡纳米微粉

以乙酸钡、钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用微波辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备La3＋掺杂钛酸钡,通过物相分析、电镜分析、红外分析及电化学分析等手段,研究其晶胞结构与电化学性能的改变. XRD分析表明：La3＋掺杂可以增大钛酸钡的晶胞体积、晶格常数a.扫描电镜分析显示：样品直径约50～200纳米的颗粒,为更小的粒子团聚而成,粒径不均匀,有团聚.红外光谱分析表明：制得的样品具有钙钛矿的钛氧八面体结构.电化学分析表明：La3＋掺杂的钛酸钡可以增大钛酸钡的储电性能,随着La3＋掺杂量的增大,储电量逐渐增加.当La3＋掺杂量达到0.002时,储电性能达到最优,随着La3＋掺杂量的增大,储电性能逐渐降低,但仍然比纯钛酸钡的储电性能好.     

SiCl_4制备正硅酸乙酯的工艺研究

为寻找一条工序简单、耗价低、易于工业放大路线,实现多晶硅副产物四氯化硅(SiCl4)废物资源化制备正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),本文以多晶硅副产物SiCl4和无水乙醇为原料制备TEOS,在半连续化生产工艺的基础上研究了SiCl4与乙醇的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对TEOS产率及纯度的影响。正交实验优化结果表明:15℃下,以恒定速率滴加14.21 g无水乙醇于15 g四氯化硅中,反应35 min,补加8.12 g无水乙醇;55℃下恒温40 min,经减压蒸馏,除去低沸点的乙醇和氯化氢,TEOS产率达到86.61%。对正交实验优水平下制得的产物进行红外光谱(IR)和气相色谱(GC)分析,结果表明:产物中TEOS结构正确,其纯度大于99.0%,达到市售分析纯纯度。     

中草药名称在英文中如何精准表达

随着中药国际交流增加,中草药药名能否精准表达不仅关系到国际科研工作者能否进行正确的科技交流,而且关系到临床用药安全问题。文章调查了科技期刊英文交流中有关中草药药名的使用情况,系统归纳出目前存在的6大常见乱象,即同物异名、同名异物、名称相近、基原植物交叉且名称重叠、药材英译混乱、药味写法不一致,举例分析其表述缺陷并说明英文如何精准表达。最后,提出英文科技交流只有综合使用中草药的法定药材名、植物学名、拼音和异名,结合英文使用习惯,才能提高药名的精准表达,提高英文论文的国际可信度。     

考虑交付质量和交付期约束的移动应用供应链决策与协调

针对由ERP厂商、APP厂商与客户企业组成的移动应用供应链,考虑客户企业对软件质量与交付时间存在约束,ERP厂商的售前服务会影响软件开发质量等问题,构建了基于软件质量与交付时间的收益模型,分析了分散与集中决策下双方的最优决策策略以及APP厂商的售后维护成本分担比例与应急成本对双方决策水平的影响,比较了两种决策下对应的合作绩效,提出了双向成本分担与提前交付奖励的供应链协调策略.研究表明:随客户企业的质量感知度增大,ERP厂商通过适当延长交付时间产生的质量改进效应大于延长交付期产生的负效应,使总效应增加;当客户企业的交付期敏感程度小于临界值时,ERP厂商可通过交付高质量软件产品提高自身利润,当交付期敏感程度大于临界值时,可通过提前交付提高自身利润;通过对供应链进行协调,可使原本因无法满足客户企业对质量与交付期的要求而使双方放弃合作的情形变得可合作,使原本可合作时双方的合作绩效与利润更高;当APP厂商独自承担售后维护成本时,实施供应链协调产生的价值大于双方共同承担时对应的值.     

一种面向大规模定制的产品族分类方法

产品族是实现大规模定制生产模式的重要支撑技术.产品族中不同产品在功能、物理以及技术特征上的相似性是产品族的重要特征.基于产品在功能域和物理域内的表达和映射关系,提出了一种通过比较产品在功能域的功能需求(FR)以及物理域的设计参数(DP)的相似程度来划分产品族的方法,阐述了应用该方法划分产品族的步骤.最后以一个案例说明了该产品族分类方法的应用.     

Inventory of Utah crayfish with notes on current distribution

Crayfish distribution and composition in Utah are poorly documented. Based upon limited collections, the native Pacifastacus gambelii is widespread and often abundant in the Bear and Weber river drainages and is occasionally represented in smaller tributaries to the Great Salt Lake and to the Raft River. Pacifastacus leniusculus was collected from Utah County and Procambarus clarkii from Tooele County; the origin of these populations is not known. The nonnative crayfish Orconectes virilis is currently abundant in the Virgin, Price, and Duchesne river basins and the Glen Canyon, Flaming Gorge, Deer Creek, and Starvation reservoirs; it is expanding in Huntington North, Scofield, and Willard reservoirs. Further work is required to develop a more complete inventory and monitor the impacts on aquatic ecosystems of expanding nonnative crayfish populations. Surreptitious stockings can be dealt with only if the public is made aware of the adverse consequences of ill-conceived introductions.     

Arthropod and plant communities as indicators of land rehabilitation effectiveness in a semiarid shrubsteppe

We describe a case study evaluating the ecological impact of Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) invasion following fire disturbance and the effectiveness of revegetation as a means of rehabilitation in a degraded semiarid shrubsteppe system. The effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts was assessed relative to arthropod richness, vegetation and arthropod community composition, and ground-cover characteristics in 3 habitats: undisturbed, burned and weed infested ( B. tectorum ), and burned then rehabilitated with native and nonnative vegetation. Arthropods were collected in each habitat using pitfall traps. Differences in arthropod richness were compared using rarefaction curves. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and nonparametric multivariate statistical procedures, including analysis of similarity and similarity percentage routines, were used to compare arthropod and vegetation community composition and ground-cover characteristics between habitats. Arthropod communities in the rehabilitated habitat were distinct from those observed in the undisturbed and weed-infested habitats. Rehabilitation in this study resulted in a shift toward conditions observed in an undisturbed habitat and perhaps is an intermediate step to complete restoration. Arthropod richness, arthropod and vegetation community composition, and ground-cover characteristics were all useful indicators but returned slightly different results. Assessing multiple variables yielded the most complete understanding of the habitats studied.     

Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis and identify a new disease pathway for retinal degeneration

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a blinding retinal disease that presents within the first year after birth. Using exome sequencing, we identified mutations in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthase gene NMNAT1 encoding nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 in eight families with LCA, including the family in which LCA was originally linked to the LCA9 locus. Notably, all individuals with NMNAT1 mutations also have macular colobomas, which are severe degenerative entities of the central retina (fovea) devoid of tissue and photoreceptors. Functional assays of the proteins encoded by the mutant alleles identified in our study showed that the mutations reduce the enzymatic activity of NMNAT1 in NAD biosynthesis and affect protein folding. Of note, recent characterization of the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wld(s)) mouse model, in which prolonged axonal survival after injury is observed, identified NMNAT1 as a neuroprotective protein when ectopically expressed. Our findings identify a new disease mechanism underlying LCA and provide the first link between endogenous NMNAT1 dysfunction and a human nervous system disorder.