传统风格建筑钢框架结构抗侧刚度试验研究

为研究传统风格建筑的抗侧力性能,进行了1榀单层两跨传统风格建筑钢框架结构的低周反复荷载试验.通过测试试件在侧向力作用下的位移角变形和承载力退化趋势,研究了传统风格建筑钢框架结构的抗震性能,分析了结构的弹塑性特征、整体框架抗侧刚度退化、结构在同级位移循环加载条件下的刚度退化规律以及加载位移与残余变形的关系.结果表明:传统风格建筑钢框架结构表现出较强的承载力和良好的抗侧能力,在水平荷载作用下,钢框架结构形成多道抗震防线,结构刚度退化表现出由快到慢的规律;结构破坏时位移角达到1/20,未发生承载力陡降的不利情况;传统风格建筑钢框架结构在水平荷载作用下形成梁铰破坏机制,满足规范提出的"强柱弱梁,强节点弱构件"的抗震设防要求.     

Up—Regulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 Expression on Human Monocytes by Interferon Gamma

Chemokine receptors, mainly CCR5 and CXCR4, have been proved to be the important coreceptors in HIV-1 entry. HIV-1 disease progression is, in general, characterized by an initial predominance of CCR5 using macrophage tropic, non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) isolates, switching later to CXCR4 using T-cell tropic,syncytium-inducing (SI) isolates. How this shift occurs and how the shift can be controlled are still unclear.Since patients with rapid decline of T cell counts have constantly high levels of IFN-7 in the sera and lymphoidnodes, we investigated the influence of this cytokine on the expression of the HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on the cell surfaces of human monocytic cell line U937 and promonocyte NB4. IFN-γ could intensively enhance the expression of both, while a low level of CCR5 expression was detected in two cell lines before stimulation. The results of semiquantitative RT-PCR also confirm the up-regulation. As the newly generated X4-strains have been demonstrated to be insensitive to chemokine in some reports, IFN-7 may play an important role in selecting CXCR4-used strains.     

Three Candidate Epitope—Vaccines in Combination Inducing High Levels of Multiantibodies Against HIV—1

HIV-1 mutation results in immune evasion, which presents a serious challenge for conventional strategies for developing effective vaccines. So far, much experimental evidence indicates that HIV-1 particles in the blood of patients can be cleaned principally by neutralizing antibodies. Based on these facts, we prepared triple combination of epitope-vaccines with the objective of inducing antibodies with predefined multi-epitope-specificity against HW-1. According to the sequences of three neutralizing epitopes (RILAVERYLKD, ELDKWA and GPGRAFY, designated El, E2, and E3, respectively) on HIV-1 envelope proteins, three epitope-peptides ((E1)2: C-(RILAVERYLKDG)2; (E2)4: C-(ELDKWAG)4; and (E3)2:C-(GPGRAFY)2) were synthesized and then conjugated with carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), and used for immunizing rabbits. After the vaccine course, the triple combination of epitope-vaccines induced high levels of predefined multi-epitope-specific antibodies. An immunoblotting-analysis demonstrated that the antibodies could recognize the native epitopes on both gp41 protein and V3 loop peptide. Furthermore, we compared the immune responses of three doses of epitope-peptides in the candidate epitope-vaccine. Strong antibody responses to three epitopes were observed in a dose dependent manner, with increasing dose raising the immune response. This result indicated that immunotolerance did not occur using an epitope vaccine dose of 80 ~tg. Thus, our results demonstrate that epitope-vaccines in combination can synchronously induce high levels of antibodies with predefined multi-epitope-specificity against HIV-1, and may be used to develop effective vaccines against HIV as a new strategy.     

绿色荧光蛋白的结构,发光机机制及其应用研究

源自水母的绿色荧光蛋白作为生物标记物有其独特优点,近年来的研究揭示了其结构,发光特性和发光机制,并使之广泛应用于生物学的各个领域。