多弧离子镀制备的耐事故燃料包壳铬涂层晶粒结构研究

本文通过从几十微米到几埃的多尺度表征展示了多弧离子镀制备铬涂层的详细结构.经XRD, SEM, FIB, TEM和HRTEM表征，结果显示该涂层是一种多重结构，包括表面上的微米级颗粒、缺陷带钉扎的微米或次微米级液滴、以堆垛层错为晶界的柱状晶、以刃位错和螺型位错为区分的微晶、位错末端的原子畸变以及原子排列无序化的区域.这些结构通过改变涂层的结晶度，影响了晶格常数、表面粗化和FIB溅射裂纹.此外，通过分析HTEM照片，确定了这些堆垛层错和位错的类型.最后，讨论了沉积参数对这些晶粒结构的影响.     

镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

采用化学镀法对碳纳米管进行表面镀镍处理,再利用真空液相烧结法制备出以镀镍碳纳米管为增强体的Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷复合材料,借助SEM、EDS、硬度计等研究了添加镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量镀镍碳纳米管可细化Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织并控制其孔洞尺寸及数量,显著提高其硬度及断裂韧性。当镀镍碳纳米管添加量为0.5%时,所得试样的晶粒最为细小,晶粒尺寸大约为1.2μm,材料的力学性能最佳,其硬度和断裂韧性分别达到1228.4HV0.3及15.90MPa·m12,相应增韧机制为裂纹偏转、桥接增韧、撕裂棱增韧和微孔洞增韧。     

Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of low-grade saprolitic laterite nickel ore by coal in the temperature range of 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO–CaF2–H3BO3

The method of producing ferronickel at low temperature(1250–1400℃)has been applied since the 1950s at Nippon Yakin Kogyo,Oheyama Works,Japan.Limestone was used as an additive to adjust the slag composition for lowering the slag melting point.The ferronickel product was recovered by means of a magnetic separator from semi-molten slag and metal after water quenching.To increase the efficiency of magnetic separation,a large particle size of ferronickel is desired.Therefore,in this study,the influences of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃ additives on the evolution of ferronickel particle at≤1250℃were investigated.The experiments were conducted at 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃.The reduction processes were carried out in a horizontal tube furnace for 2 h under argon atmosphere.At 1250℃,with the CaO addition of 10 wt%of the ore weight,ferronickel particles with size of 20μm were obtained.The ferronickel particle size increased to 165μm by adding 10 wt%CaO and 10 wt%CaF₂.The addition of boric acid further increased the ferronickel particle size to 376μm,as shown by the experiments with the addition of 10 wt%CaO,10 wt%CaF₂,and 10 wt%H₃BO₃.     

镍基电极材料在超级电容器中的制备与应用

Ni因其价格低廉和对环境友好,被视为具有发展潜力的超级电容器电极材料之一;且它与其他电极材料复合可以有效阻止团聚反应的发生,能大大改善材料的电化学性能。近年来Ni的（氢）氧化物与碳材料、聚合物等复合制备新的电极材料已经成为储能领域研究的热点。介绍了Ni的化合物作为电极材料储能的机制以及在复合电极材料中的应用,综述了近年来国内外报道的各类镍基复合电极材料的研究进展,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Preparation of NiO nanoparticles from Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O precursor by mechanical activation

A mechanical activation process was introduced as a facile method for producing nickel oxide nanopowders. The precursor compound Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The precursor was milled with NaCl diluent. A high-energy ball milling process led to decomposition of the precursor and subsequent dispersal in NaCl media. Nickel oxide nanocrystalline powders were produced by subsequent heat treatment and water washing. Milling rotation speed, milling time, ball-to-powder ratio （BPR）, and nickel chlo-ride-to-precursor ratio were introduced as influential parameters on the wavelength of maximum absorption （λmax）. The effects of these pa-rameters were investigated by the Taguchi method. The optimum conditions for this study were a milling rotation speed of 150 r/min, a mill-ing time of 20 h, a BPR of 15/1, and a NaCl-to-powder weight ratio （NPR） of 6/1. In these conditions,λmax was predicted to be 292 nm. The structural properties of the samples were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry.     

同位镀锑膜示差脉冲溶出伏安法测定水中痕量铅

本文研究示差脉冲伏安分析法测定溶液中痕量重金属铅离子。以同位镀锑膜电极作为工作电极,0.5mol/L KCl溶液作为支持电解质,铅离子的溶出峰在-0.47 V,富积时间为110 s,在(0~80)μg/L浓度范围内峰电流与铅离子浓度呈线性关系,对于溶液中铅离子的检测限达到0.06μg/L。同位镀锑电极具有廉价、低毒性、高灵敏和稳定性好的特点,可以用于环境水样中重金属离子的实时分析检测。     

Effect of pickling processes on the microstructure and properties of electroless Ni–P coating on Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloy

The electroless plating Ni–P is prepared on the surface of Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloys with different pickling processes.The microstructure and properties of Ni–P coating are investigated.The results show that the Ni–P coatings deposited using the different pickling processes have a different high phosphorus content amorphous Ni–P solid solution structure,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit higher hardness.There is higher phosphorus content of Ni–P amorphous coating using 125 g/L Cr O3and 110 ml/L HNO3(w68%)than using 180 g/L Cr O3and 1 g/L KF during pre-treatment,and the coating structure is more compact,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit more excellent adhesion with substrate(Fcup to22 N).The corrosion potential of Ni–P coating is improved and exhibits good corrosion resistance.As a result,Mg-7.5Li-2Zn-1Y alloy is remarkably protected by the Ni–P coating.     

Ni-P-Al2O3化学复合镀层的制备及其耐磨性能

碳钢表面进行化学镀处理,对提高碳钢的耐磨性能有重要作用。在Q235钢表面制备Ni-P镀层及不同纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的Ni-P-Al2O3镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和摩擦磨损实验机对镀层的表面形貌、相组成及摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的磨损量、摩擦系数均小于Ni-P镀层,分别为2.6 mg和0.5;Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的磨损以犁沟磨损为主,磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为辅,Ni-P镀层的磨损为犁沟磨损。该研究可以为Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的实际应用提供理论支持。     

切削刀具多弧离子镀膜的应用研究

多弧离子镀膜是PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition物理气相沉积)技术中硬质耐磨镀层的主要方法之一,在刀具、模具上应用较多,也是近年来刀具表面强化的主要研究方向.文章研究了多弧离子镀膜技术在高速钢立铣刀表面涂镀纳米复合膜TiN/AlSiN,使其使用寿命得到提高.     

氢氧化镍纳米片的制备及其超级电容性能

以尿素和氯化镍为原料,采用水热法制备了泡沫镍载Ni(OH)2纳米片电极,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了纳米片的形貌,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)分析了纳米片的结构,通过循环伏安和恒流充放电测试了电极的超级电容性能.检测结果表明:所制备的Ni(OH)2纳米片先构成一种交错连接的线状结构,再以线的形式均匀而密集地覆盖在泡沫镍的骨架上.这种特殊结构使得该纳米片电极表现出良好的电容性能,在电流密度为10mA/cm2的情况下,其面积比电容为255mF/cm2.