数据驱动的铝基复合材料性能预测和逆向设计

采用数据驱动的方法对 SiCp(0.5CNT)/7075Al 铝基复合材料的化学成分以及制备工艺进行了分析, 针对抗拉强度和延伸率两个力学性能进行了特征重要性分析, 构建了包含 8 种机器学习算法的集成框架, 自动进行模型的参数调优和最优模型选择, 并在此基础上进行了材料逆向设计. 实验结果表明, 在 470 ${^\circ}$C 固溶 40 min, 120${^\circ}$C 时效 15 h 的热处理工艺下, SiCp(0.5CNT)/7075Al-1.0Mg 复合材料抗拉强度和延伸率的预测值为 617.48 MPa 和 2.98%, 实验值为 647.0 MPa 和 3.31%, 两项物理性能的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage errors, MAPE)较小, 依次为 4.56% 和 9.97%. 这说明本数据驱动方法对铝基复合材料的工艺优化和性能提升有一定指导意义.     

基于多材质复合管柱的裸眼井壁支撑工艺及应用

已完钻超深裸眼水平井侧钻技术是经济、高效开发油藏剩余油的主要手段之一，传统的磨铣钢套管开窗侧钻技术存在下入摩阻大、磨铣耗时长导致开窗失败等问题。为此，提出了基于多材质复合管柱的超深水平井裸眼井壁支撑工艺，结合中国西北油田已完钻超深裸眼水平井井况，首先，提出了基于“铝合金+碳钢”的多材质复合管柱组合及设计方法；其次，开展了基于管柱实物屈曲实验数据的管柱临界屈曲载荷计算模型适用性评价，并优选出了适合于“铝合金+碳钢”多材质复合管柱的屈曲临界载荷计算模型；最后，研究了综合考虑管柱扭矩、摩阻、刚性、井眼条件、管柱强度及材质的多材质复合管柱下入性分析方法，并利用下入性分析软件对西北油田顺北X1井、X2井、X3井、X4井复合管柱进行了下入可行性评价。该方法在X1井和X2井得到成功应用，进一步论证了该工艺现场应用的可行性。研究成果可为超深水平井裸眼井壁支撑的复合管柱设计和下入可行性评价提供理论参考。     

6063铝合金表面点状物的分析研究

利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)等分析研究了6063铝合金表面点状凸起物的表面形貌及成分.结果表明,这种点状凸起物主要是由大量聚集的碳化硅颗粒以及少量的游离硅组成,碳化硅颗粒硬度较大,不易加工,从而造成铝合金表面异常.     

中国铝的社会蓄积量及折旧再生指数分析

我国近些年来原铝产量和消费量快速增长,铝土矿资源严重不足,在很大程度上依赖于进口.随着铝社会蓄积量的增大,废铝资源将越来越多,并在铝工业中发挥更大的作用.通过对我国铝的社会蓄积量及其平均年龄、回收率、折旧再生指数等进行分析,得到以下结果:1990年~2010年铝的社会蓄积量从723万t增长到10 355万t;2010年铝制品的平均年龄约为4.3年,折旧再生指数和铝的社会蓄积量回收率分别为0.074 7 t/t和1.17%.基于未来铝消费的3种情景进行了分析,在情景3下:预计我国铝的社会蓄积量在2035年达到最大值6亿t,2055年稳定在5.7亿t;铝制品平均年龄在2040年达到最大值(7.13年),同年折旧再生指数达到最大值(0.79 t/t),铝的社会蓄积量回收率也达到最大值(5.05%).研究结果将为铝工业相关政策的制定提供一定的参考.     

Synthesis of aluminum nitride in a coke-calcium reduction bed using nitrogen in air

An experimental study on the heating of a mixture of aluminum and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) powders in a reductive bed under air atmosphere is reported. The formation of aluminum nitride (AlN) during this process was the focus of this study. The formation of AlN was achieved using LiOH as an additive and heating the sample in a resistance furnace in a specially designed double crucible within a bed of a mixture of coke and filamentous calcium. The temperature range of the reaction was between 700°C and 1100°C. The optimum tem-perature of 1100°C and the optimum LiOH amount (5wt%) required to achieve maximum yield were determined by powder X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs clearly indicated the transformation of grain structures from rods (700°C) to cauliflower shapes (1100°C).     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

动车组车体底边梁用6005A铝型材检验分析

6005A铝合金大截面复杂制品作为轨道车体的边梁或枕梁，对轨道车体的整体起连接和承重作用，是动车组车体的关键部位。采用电子万能试验机、铝型材压力试验机、光学显微镜等研究了速度达400 km·h^-1动车组车体底边梁用6005A铝型材的强度、显微组织和断口形貌等，旨在为动车组用铝挤压型材产品检验和工艺制度制定提供技术支持与指导。     

铝合金板式节点面外初始弯曲刚度的杆件间交互影响

铝合金板式节点具有良好的整体刚度性能,其面外初始弯曲刚度的杆件间交互影响不容忽视.本文在现有研究的基础上,定义了铝合金板式节点面外弯曲刚度矩阵.为进行深入研究,对铝合金板式节点进行有限元模拟.以节点板厚度、节点板半径、杆件高度和螺栓数量为参数,建立14个节点模型,分析关于节点面外弯曲刚度的杆件间交互影响.根据有限元结果,提出计算杆件交互影响程度的理论公式.和有限元结果的比较表明,公式的计算精度高,具有良好的适用性.     

淬火速率对Al-5Zn-3Mg-1Cu铝合金厚板剥落腐蚀的影响

采用末端淬火和腐蚀浸泡方法研究了淬火速率对Al-5Zn-3Mg-1Cu铝合金厚板剥落腐蚀性能的影响,结合金相显微镜、透射电镜和扫描透射电镜微观组织表征对影响机理进行了分析和探讨.Al-5Zn-3Mg-1Cu铝合金的剥落腐蚀性能随淬火速率的减小(2 160℃/min→100℃/min)而下降,腐蚀等级由P级变为ED级,最大腐蚀深度从15μm增加至530μm.淬火速率减小导致晶界析出相数量增加,其中Zn,Mg元素含量上升,无沉淀析出带宽化,是剥落腐蚀性能下降的主要原因.     

Effect of Yb2O3 doping on the grain boundary of NiFe2O4–10NiO-based cermets after sintering

xYb2O3–15(20Ni–Cu)/(85?x)(NiFe2O4–10NiO) (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, and 10.0) cermets for aluminum electrolysis were prepared to investigate the effect of Yb2O3 doping on the grain boundary of the cermets after sintering. The results showed that each interface was very clear and that with increasing Yb2O3 content, most of the Yb was evenly distributed at the grain boundary. Moreover, according to the phase composition and microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), YbFeO3 was produced along the grain boundary. The YbFeO3 was concluded to not only have formed from the interaction between the NiFe2O4 or Fe2O3 component and Yb2O3 at the grain boundary of the cermets, but also from the decomposition of NiFe2O4 into NiO and Fe2O3 and the subsequent reaction of Fe2O3 with Yb2O3. Thus, the pro-duction of YbFeO3 resulted in a cermet with high relative density, good electrical conductivity, and good corrosion resistance.