南海的形成与演变

南海是东亚陆缘最大的边缘海，构造类型多样，油气资源丰富。然而，科学家们对于南海如何发育演化成今天的局面、深部的驱动机制以及影响因素尚存在诸多争议。为解决上述问题，科学家在南海开展了大量的地球物理调查以及三轮五次的国际大洋钻探，取得重要进展。文章综合多年来的研究和认识，对南海的成因归属和发育演化历史进行了总结。在此基础上提出尚存在的三个前沿科学问题，包括南海主-被动陆缘转换的机制、南海陆缘破裂方式、南海存在大量岩浆活动的机制等，希望能通过更多深探测手段和更多的大洋钻探去揭示这些问题，从而服务南海的资源开发和灾害预警。     

具有迁移效应和隔离措施的COVID-19传播模型分析

基于COVID-19传播过程中人口流动的必然性、无症状感染者的普遍性和隔离策略的有效性,该文提出了一类具有迁移效应、无症状感染者、自我防护意识和隔离策略的COVID-19传播动力学模型,利用下一代矩阵方法给出了各类子系统和全系统基本再生数的精确表达式.进一步地,通过采用线性近似理论,构造Lyapunov函数、比较原理等方法,得到了无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性以及疾病的持久性.最后,数值模拟解释了主要的理论结果以及人口的迁移和隔离对疾病传播的影响.     

Evolutionary game analysis of low-carbon behavior credit supervision of logistics enterprises

Based on the low-carbon obligation fulfillment of Chinese logistics enterprises, this study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model to analyze the evolutionary process of the interaction between the local government, logistics enterprises and the public in the process of low-carbon behavior credit supervision. Then using Netlogo software, a parameter simulation experiment is conducted to determine the optimal policy for improving the effect of supervision. The results are as follows: ① The combined influence of the local government and the public can effectively change the strategic choice of enterprises and promote the low-carbon behavior of enterprises. ② In terms of improving the effect of supervision, reducing the cost of government supervision would have a highly significant effect, and reducing the cost of the public would be counterproductive. ③ Increasing the government subsidies to enterprises and the government’s fines to enterprises both have a significant effect, and the effect of improving the former is better. However, increasing the severity of higher-level governments punishing local governments will reduce the stability of the system. ④ Supervision can be more effective by increasing the public’s impact on enterprises’ earnings rather than by increasing government subsidies to the public.     

基于动态博弈的补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响研究

为探讨不同补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响，本文构建了关于机场、航空公司和乘客之间的动态博弈模型，通过逆向归纳法得到了纳什均衡条件. 研究结果发现：（1）不同的补贴模式对多机场航线网络结构产生重要影响，低补贴模式促使机场群倾向于形成点对点航线网络结构，反之，在高补贴模式下机场群易于形成枢纽辐射航线网络； （2）在较低的空铁联运总运营成本环境下，补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择系统内的大型机场作为枢纽机场；反之，如果空铁联运总运营成本相对较高，补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择小机场作为枢纽节点； （3）随航班固定成本和空铁联运总运营成本的增大，大型机场作为枢纽节点的概率逐渐减少，而小机场被选为枢纽节点的概率将逐渐增大. 随着机场群内大型机场腹地服务人口比例的增大，航空公司选择点对点航线网络的概率在减小. 研究结论能够为民航管理部门科学制定和应用航线补贴政策提供决策依据.     

Improving the photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride by thermal treatment in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere

Extending visible light absorption range and suppressing the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers are always important topics in developing efficient solar-driven photocatalysts. In this study, the thermal treatment process at 400 °C in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere was applied to modify graphitic carbon nitride. Compared to the normal atmospheric hydrogen treatment process, this process has the merit of producing nitrogen deficient graphitic carbon nitride in high-yield. The optimal photocatalytic activity of modified graphitic carbon nitride was demonstrated by controlling the treatment duration in the hydrogen atmosphere.The changes in the crystal structure, microstructure and optical properties of carbon nitrides were investigated by several characterizations. The relationship between the photocatalytic activity and structures of graphitic carbon nitride was preliminarily established. The results obtained in this study could provide some new ways of improving the activity of graphitic carbon nitride based photocatalyst.     

An Economic Model-Based Matching Approach Between Buyers and Sellers Through a Broker in an Open E-Marketplace

A broker in an open e-marketplace enables buyers and sellers to do business with each other. Although a broker plays an important role in e-marketplaces, theory and guidelines for matching between buyers and sellers in multi-attribute exchanges are limited. Therefore, a challenge for a broker’s responsibility is how to maximize a buyer’s total satisfaction degree as its goals under the consideration of trade-off between a buyer’s buying quantity and price paid to a seller, and other attributes. To solve this challenge, this paper proposes an economic model-based matching approach between a buyer’s requirements and a seller’s offers. The major contributions of this paper are that (i) a broker can model a seller’s price policy as per a buyer’s buying quantity through communication between a broker and a seller; (ii) due to each buyer’s different quantity demand, a broker models a buyer’s satisfaction degree as per a buyer’s buying quantity based on communication between a broker and a buyer; and (iii) to carry out a broker’s matching processes, an objective function and a set of constraints are generated to help a broker to maximize a buyer’s total satisfaction degree. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach.     

循环作用对马蹄寺石窟群岩体性能的影响

马蹄寺石窟群地处河西走廊中部,气候条件十分恶劣。由于常年受到温度、湿度、酸碱盐等作用的影响,石窟岩体性能出现了不同程度的劣化现象。通过开展室内模拟试验,研究以上多种恶劣环境的循环作用对于岩体抗压强度、波速、质量的影响规律,同时使用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对循环作用过程中样品的矿物组分、元素含量和微观形貌进行分析研究。研究结果表明,循环作用使样品中的长石类矿物和方解石含量降低,黏土类矿物含量增加,胶结程度下降,孔隙逐渐发展成为横向微裂隙,导致样品的性能出现不同程度的劣化现象。循环作用对岩体性能的影响程度从大到小依次为冻融循环、耐盐循环、耐碱循环、耐酸循环和温湿循环。     

基于修正斜压场的RC框架边节点剪切性能分析

为研究钢筋屈服强度和混凝土抗压强度对钢筋混凝土(RC)框架边节点剪切性能的影响规律,基于修正斜压场理论(MCFT),对某框架边节点的剪切应力-应变骨架曲线进行数值模拟,并与试验结果进行对比.在验证MCFT算法的精度后,研究钢筋屈服强度和混凝土抗压强度两个参数变化对RC框架边节点剪切应力-应变骨架曲线和峰值剪切应力的影响规律.结果表明:基于MCFT可以较好地模拟RC框架边节点的剪切应力-应变关系曲线; RC框架边节点的峰值剪切应力对混凝土抗压强度的变化更为敏感,但当试件的钢筋(HRB400)屈服应力下降幅度超过16.45%时,对钢筋屈服应力的变化更为敏感;当试件的钢筋(HRB400)屈服应力下降幅度超过10%时,节点发生钢筋滑移破坏,此时峰值剪切应力会大幅下降.     

ICP-MS法测定钼矿石中伴生锂、镓和稀土元素

通过比较氢氟酸-硝酸高压罐密闭消解法、 氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸低压密闭消解法和氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸敞口消解法对钼矿样品的分解效果， 选用低压密闭消解法制备样品， 用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS)法测定伴生稀有元素Li，Ga和15种稀土元素的质量比. 通过对干扰元素的分析， 选择合适同位素， 并确定¹⁵¹Eu，¹⁵⁷Gd，¹⁵⁹Tb质谱干扰的校正系数. 结果表明，  20 μg/L的铑（Rh）标准溶液作为内标可有效抑制溶液中的基体效应和信号动态漂移， 方法检出限为0.001~0.113 μg/g， 相对标准偏差（RSD， n=7）为0.30%~3.92%.  经标准物质和实际样品验证， 该方法可靠， 适合钼矿中伴生Li，Ga和稀土元素的测定.     

一类右半直线上的独立同分布随机环境中的随机游动

本文给出在0点以一定概率吸收和反射的右半直线上独立同分布的随机环境中的随机游动模型,讨论了模型的常返性和极限性质,计算了模型的吸收概率.