Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,dielectric and optical properties of KBiFe2O5

Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.     

Corrosion behavior of cold-rolled and post heat-treated 316L stainless steel in 0.9wt%NaCl solution

The effect of cold rolling and post-rolling heat treatment on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of the 316L stainless steel was investigated.Two-pass and four-pass cold-rolled stainless steel specimens were heat-treated by annealing at 900℃followed by quenching in water.During the cold rolling,the microstructure of the as-received specimen transformed from austenite to strain-inducedα′-martensite due to significant plastic deformation that also resulted in significant grain elongation(i.e.,~33%and 223%increases in the grain elongation after two and four rolling passes,respectively).The hardness of the heat-treated as-received specimen decreased from HV 190 to 146 due to the recovery and recrystallization of the austenite grain structure.The cyclic polarization scans of the as-rolled and heat-treated specimens were obtained in 0.9wt%NaCl solution.The pitting potential of the four-pass rolled specimen was significantly increased from 322.3 to 930.5 mV after post-rolling heat treatment.The beneficial effect of the heat treatment process was evident from~10-times-lower corrosion current density and two-orders-of-magnitude-lower passive current density of the heat-treated specimens compared with those of the as-rolled specimens.Similarly,appreciably lower corrosion rate(3.302×10^?4mm/a)and higher pitting resistance(1115.5 mV)were exhibited by the postrolled heat-treated specimens compared with the as-rolled 316L stainless steel specimens.     

大物质分选机在餐厨垃圾预处理中的应用

餐厨垃圾预处理阶段物质分选对整体处理工艺影响较大，如果分选不到位，浆料中杂物多，会导致管道磨损严重、设备故障率高等问题。通过调节进料频率及大物质分选机的运行频率，探究大物质分选机较优的运行参数范围，使分选工作更加有效。试验结果表明：大物质分选机运行频率为70 Hz，进料频率小于17 Hz为较优运行参数，此时设备电流值较低且波动曲线较为平稳，分选料中有机质质量占比在33%~37%，与其他工况相比，有机质质量占比至少低了3%；运行工况的变化不会对浆料的组成成分造成影响，其中剩余物、果皮和骨头质量占比较大，三者占比总和在98%以上，其他杂物质量占比不超过2%。     

欧陆科学哲学的两条路径（英文）

如果你戴上我称为"欧陆式眼镜"的东西,运用欧陆哲学的视角来审视诸如探究、发现、实验、理论和确证等传统的科学哲学问题,某些事物就会以颇为不同的方式呈现,你就会看到新的事物,一切事物会彼此相关并以不同的方式与背景相关。透过欧陆式眼镜的凝视,让你倾向于关注两种事物:第一,那些妨碍你看得更清晰的事物;第二,事物"如何"显现,而非事物是"什么"。该隐喻有某种严重的缺陷,但仍是有用的,因为它提示了审视科学的传统视角与欧陆视角之间的巨大差异。它也能被用于发展"科研平台"这个观念,即科学不仅仅是一组活动,不仅仅是在某种程度上允许我们将之封闭的一组工具、实践和借此形成的知识,而是由诸线条的流动之网构成的,这些线条顺利地与紧密地整合入我们的世界并且塑造了世界的轮廓。我在本文中讨论了欧陆科学哲学的两条可能路径。一条涉及的是"解构性的重演",即对我们继承下来的科学概念(包括传统的分析性概念与海德格尔的"科学不思"的概念)的探究;另一条涉及的是可被称为"回归田野研究"的东西,即仔细地审视科学实践。接受这两条路径,将让欧陆科学哲学唤醒一大片重要的探究领域。忽略这些探究的领域,科学哲学将自食其果。     

超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法制备尤特奇S100纳米颗粒

采用超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法(ASES)制备了尤特奇S100(Eudragit S100)纳米粒,考察了有机溶剂的选择、压力、温度、溶液浓度及流速等主要工艺参数对Eudragit S100纳米粒形貌及粒径大小的影响,并采用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱分析对结果进行了表征。结果表明,在以丙酮作为溶剂、压力为16 MPa、温度为45℃、溶液浓度为1 mg/m L的工艺条件下,可制备出有机溶剂残留少、分布均匀、平均粒径为30~60 nm的Eudragit S100纳米颗粒。纳米粒子的平均粒径随温度、压力的升高而减小,随溶液浓度的减小而减小。     

无溶媒结晶技术在维生素B12生产中的应用

为了筛选无溶媒结晶工艺的最佳工艺参数，采用无溶媒结晶法制备维生素B12，以产品含量及收率为考察指标，用响应面分析法优化其制备工艺。得到最佳工艺参数：蒸发温度为65 ℃、真空度为0.09 kPa、结晶前溶液效价为90 000 μg/mL。实验结果表明，无溶媒结晶工艺稳定性较高、操作简单易行，制出的成品含量高、有关物质等质量指标较好，质量及收率整体水平不低于且部分批次优于溶媒结晶工艺。该技术在提高生产安全性的同时，大幅减少了对环境的污染，同时减少了相关工序，有效地降低了生产成本，适用于产业化生产。     

Effect of MWCNT reinforcement on the precipitation-hardening behavior of AA2219

Aluminum alloy matrix composites have found a predominant place in research, and their applications are explored in almost all industries. The aerospace industry has been using precipitation-hardenable alloys in structural applications. However, insufficient literature is available on the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on precipitation-hardenable alloy composite materials; thus, this work was designed to elucidate the effect on MWCNT reinforcement on AA2219 with and without precipitation hardening. Reinforcement with MWCNTs has been reported to accelerate precipitation and to achieve greater hardness within a much shorter time. The addition of 0.75wt% MWCNTs resulted in maximal hardness at 90 min, which is approximately 27% of improvement over the maximum hardness achieved by the corresponding monolithic alloy after 10 h of aging. The sample reinforced with 0.75wt% MWCNTs showed an improvement of 82% in hardness by solutionizing and aging compared to that achieved by sintering.