Entrainment-mixing parameterization in shallow cumuli and effects of secondary mixing events

Parameterization of entrainment-mixing pro- cesses in cumulus clouds is critical to improve cloud parameterization in models, but is still at its infancy. For this purpose, we have lately developed a formulation to represent a microphysical measure defined as homoge- neous mixing degree in terms of a dynamical measure defined as transition scale numbers, and demonstrated the formulation with measurements from stratocumulus clouds. Here, we extend the previous work by examining data from observed cumulus clouds and find positive cor- relations between the homogeneous mixing degree and transition scale numbers. These results are similar to those in the stratocumulus clouds, but proved valid for the first time in observed cumulus clouds. The empiricalrelationships can be used to parameterize entrainment- mixing processes in two-moment microphysical schemes. Further examined are the effects of secondary mixing events on the relationships between homogeneous mixing degree and transition scale numbers with the explicit mixing parcel model. The secondary mixing events are found to be at least partially responsible for the larger scatter in the above positive correlations based on obser- vations than that in the previous results based on numerical simulations without considering secondary mixing events.     

Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.     

Effects of baria on propane oxidation activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst: Pd–BaO interactio n and reaction routes

The BaO-modified Pd/Al2O3exhibits much better catalytic activity than Pd/Al2O3for C3H8 oxidation both before and after the hydrothermal aging treatment. Further studies ascribe its good activity to the influence of BaO species on the physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst and the reaction routes. Firstly, the BaO species inhibits the phase transformation of alumina, resulting in higher surface area of the catalysts and hereby a better dispersion of Pd. Secondly, the basic nature and electron-withdrawing effect of barium oxide maintain palladium at high oxidation state, which leads to a higher PdO content on surface of the BaO-modified catalyst. Finally, the formation/decomposition of carbonate/bicarbonate species can be promoted by the addition of BaO, which provide extra reaction routes and are important for the deep oxidation of C3H8.     

碳纤维/ZnO复合材料的制备和性能研究

通过对碳纤维表面进行修饰,利用低温液相沉淀法制备了碳纤维/ZnO复合材料并对其结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究.结果显示,样品的紫外-可见吸收峰约为376nm,相应的带隙宽度约为3.30eV.由样品的荧光光谱得出,样品除了具有位于384nm的微弱的近带边紫外发光峰之外,还有位于597nm的强的绿光发光带.样品经过退火之后,绿光峰降低.这可能归于ZnO中氧空位的减少.通过对原始样品和经过退火处理样品的荧光光谱的研究得出,样品的绿光发射归于氧空位.     

液-质联用测定鱼体内甲基磺草酮的残留量

为了检测鱼体内甲基磺草酮的残留量,建立液相色谱串联质谱的方法测定甲基磺草酮。结果表明:在0.5~100μg/L浓度范围内,线性相关系数(r)为0.998 6。当添加质量分数为0.1~10μg/g时,甲基磺草酮在鱼体内的平均回收率为80.0%~99.3%,RSD为3.4%~8.4%。该方法的最小检出量为5.0×10-12g,鱼体内的最低检测质量分数(LOQ)为0.1μg/g。该方法操作简单可靠,准确度、精密度及其灵敏度均满足农药残留分析的要求,可用于鱼体内甲基磺草酮残留量的测定。     

面向运维服务的装备MRO知识管理系统研究

为提高知识管理的效率,实现精益维修的目标,文章在分析装备MRO知识特点的基础上,围绕运维服务对MRO知识的需求,提出了装备MRO知识管理体系。针对不同MRO知识的特点,建立了基于装备结构层次的知识体系,分别围绕维修规程、维修资源、维修历史和维修案例等MRO知识建立知识模型;构建了以维修BOM为核心的MRO知识组织方式,实现对类型繁多、结构复杂、动态变化的知识的有效管理;并围绕不同运维服务,面向应用领域构建了基于本体的知识管理框架和知识视图,实现了全面的MRO知识综合运用。最后,基于以上方法和模型,进行了车辆运维知识管理系统的开发和应用。     

A-A2／O 工艺在城镇污水处理厂的运用实践

介绍了A-A2/O工艺流程、原理及特点和工程设计要素,并考察了该工艺在污水处理厂实际运用中的效果,研究表明：污水厂 COD、 NH3-N、 TN、 TP 等污染物的平均去除率分别为84.3％、73.2％、58.8％、93.6％,出水浓度稳定达到《城镇污水处理污染物排放标准》（ GB18918-2002）一级B排放标准限值。     

肺癌患者血清P53抗体及肺癌组织P53表达对肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的探讨肺癌患者血清P53抗体水平及肺癌组织P53表达对肺癌诊断的价值.方法采用ELISA法检测肺癌患者血清P53抗体水平,并采用免疫组化法检测肺癌组织P53表达情况.结果肺癌患者血清P53抗体（17.84±8.73）ng/L水平比正常对照组（5.43±1.90）ng/L显著升高（P〈0.001）,肺癌患者血清P53抗体水平与肿瘤大小、淋巴转移、远端转移、TNM分期有关.肺癌患者癌组织P53表达的阳性率为61.5%（168/273）,肺癌患者癌组织P53阳性表达率与肿瘤大小、淋巴转移、远端转移、TNM分期、分化程度、病理类型有关.结论血清P53抗体水平与癌组织中的表达有着良好的平行关系,测定血清P53抗体水平或检查肺癌患者癌组织P53的表达可对肺癌的诊断、分期、治疗和预后提供重要依据.     

油页岩CS_2-NMP萃取物中含氧化合物的分离与分析

为实现依兰油页岩萃取物中含氧化合物的分离与分析,采用索氏萃取法,在60℃条件下以CS2-NMP为萃取剂萃取依兰油页岩。用TiCl4/CuCl2两步络合法和硅胶柱色谱法对依兰页岩油中的含氧化合物进行富集,并对含氧洗脱组分进行了气相色谱-质谱串联(GC/MS)分析。结果表明:TiCl4/CuCl2两步络合法可以实现油页岩中含氮化合物的分离,脱氮率为82%,硅胶柱色谱可以实现对页岩油中含氧化合物的富集,富集组分中,氧元素的质量分数为10.69%;柱色谱富集组分中鉴定出32种含氧化合物,其组成以酚、酮、醚、酯以及有机硅氧化合物为主;在这些含氧化合物中发现了甾醇类、萜类化合物的衍生物以及酰胺基团,说明依兰油页岩中的氧可能来源于成矿的高等植物和蓝绿藻。该结果可以为依兰油页岩资源的合理利用、油页岩的成因和油母结构研究提供参考。     

羽绒/羽毛集合体的性能

以羽绒/羽毛集合体为研究对象,测试评价不同含绒率条件下羽绒/羽毛集合体的蓬松、压缩、保暖和透湿性能.研究结果表明:羽绒/羽毛集合体的蓬松度和保暖性随含绒率的提高而提高,但含绒率达到75%后其蓬松度和保暖性变化不明显;集合体的透湿量在含绒率从0%增加到15%时迅速提高,而后随含绒率的提高缓慢提高;集合体的厚度在压强增大的开始阶段快速下降,而后随压强增大其厚度减小幅度减缓.羽绒/羽毛集合体的性能主要取决于羽绒和羽毛的形态结构.