One-step and high-density protein immobilization on epoxysilane-modified silica nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles are most commonly modified with amino-silanes, followed by post-modification activation for protein immobilization. In this work, epoxy-functionalized silica nanoparticles were prepared by modification with glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane （GPTMS） for direct protein immobilization. Silica nanoparticles possessed an average size of 46 nm, but increased to 63 nm after GPTMS modification. Reaction time, reaction temperature and GPTMS content had no significant effect on par- ticle size. Zeta potential of SiO2 changed from -26mV to ＋38mV after modification. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed alkyl C--H bending and stretching bands at 2944 cm-1, 1343 cm-1 and 1465 cm-1, respectively, for the modified nanoparticles. Fluorescein cadaverine was found to bind to GPTMS-modified SiO2, but not to bare SiO2, indicating the chemical reactivity of epoxy groups on the modified nanoparticle with amines. Finally, fluorescenUy labeled bovine serum albumin （BSA） was used as a model protein to investigate the capacity of epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticles for protein immobilization. The results showed that more proteins were immobilized on the particle with longer reaction time, higher NaCI concentration, lower pH, and less GPTMS content. More importantly, proteins bound to epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticle were highly stable. Under optimized reaction conditions, as much as 25 mg BSA/g nanoparticle was covalentiy attached to the nanoparticle. The epoxy silane modification of silica nanoparticles offers a reactive surface for one-step and high-density protein immobilization.     

Immobilization of arsenic in soils by stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron, iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe3O4) particles

Arsenic is a widespread contaminant in soils and groundwater. While various iron-based materials have been studied for immobilizing arsenic in contaminated soils, the feasibility of stabilized iron-based nanoparticles has not been reported. This study investigates the effectiveness of using three types of starch-stabilized iron-based nanoparticles, including zero-valent iron (ZVI), iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe₃O₄), for immobilization of arsenic in two representative As-contaminated soils (an orchard soil and a fire range soil). To test the effect of the nanoparticles on the arsenic leachability, As-contaminated soils were amended with the nanoparticles at various Fe/As molar ratios (5:1–100:1) and contact time (3 and 7 d). After three days’ treatments of a field-contaminated sandy soil, the PBET-based bioaccessibility of As decreased from an initial (71.3±3.1)% (mean±SD) to (30.9±3.2)% with ZVI, (37.6±1.2)% with FeS, and (29.8± 3.1)% with Fe₃O₄ at an Fe/As molar ratio of 100:1. The TCLP-based leachability of arsenic in a spiked fire range soil decreased from an initial (0.51±0.11)% to (0.24±0.03)%, (0.27±0.04)% and (0.17±0.04)% by ZVI, FeS, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, respectively. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles appeared to be more effective (5% or more) than other nanoparticles for immobilizing arsenic. When the two soils were compared, the treatment is more effective on the orchard soil that has a lower iron content and higher initial leachability than on the range soil that already has a high iron content. These results suggest that these innocuous iron-based nanoparticles may serve as effective media for immobilization of As in iron-deficient soils, sediments or solid wastes.     

Effect of EGF1 peptides in directing nanoparticles to thrombi

In order to examine the effect of EGF1 peptides in directing nanoparticles to thrombi, the synthesized EGF1 peptide was conjugated to poly (ethyleneglycol)-poly (lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NP) to form EGF1-NP. A lipophilic fluorescent dye, coumarin-6, was incorporated into EGF1-NP so as to detect its loading and release capacity. The binding ability of EGF1-NP with TF-expressing cells was shown to be significantly higher than that of the non-conjugated NP. Following an intravenous administration, fluorescence was distributed along the vessel wall of the thrombosis regions in the model rats injected with coumarin-6-loaded EGF1-NP. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that EGF1-NP is a promising drug delivery system for targeting cerebral thrombi.     

还原剂参量对金纳米颗粒的影响

采用柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸,制备了金纳米颗粒．研究了还原剂参量对金纳米颗粒形貌、粒径和分散性的影响．结果表明：在其他条件不变的情况下,适量的还原剂,不同的取样时间可得不同粒径大小且分散性佳的球形颗粒;特定的取样时间下,还原剂用量不足或过量,颗粒大小也随之变化并且易团聚．     

银/聚苯乙烯纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

将银粒子与聚合物复合,不仅可改善银粒子的分散性,还可赋予高分子材料纳米粒子的特有性能。在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐([BMIM].BF4)中制备了稳定的Ag纳米胶体,并以[BMIM].BF4/乙醇为混和溶剂,通过原位聚合方式制备出银/聚苯乙烯(Ag/PS)纳米核壳复合粒子,并对复合粒子的结构进行了表征。     

激光退火能量对非晶Si薄膜晶化的影响

采用XeCl准分子脉冲激光,在真空环境中烧蚀单晶Si靶,在Si(111)和石英衬底上沉积生成非晶Si薄膜.在同样的环境下,用激光对非晶Si薄膜进行退火,通过扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对退火后的样品进行分析比较.结果表明,激光能量对非晶薄膜的晶化和纳米晶粒尺寸有重要影响.     

TiO2/SiO2 纳米粒子气相光催化降解甲苯的研究

以TiO₂/SiO₂纳米粒子为催化剂, 研究了甲苯的初始浓度、 氧气和水蒸气含量及光强等对其光催化氧化降解的影响. 甲苯初始反应速率随其初始浓度的增加而增大, 最终趋于稳定. 氧气含量增加, 甲苯反应速率增大, 氧气含量增至18％时, 抑制反应速率增加. 水分子含量对甲苯反应速率的影响也有最佳值0.2％（体积比）. 甲苯的反应速率随光强增加而增大, 在3 mW/cm²时, 反应速率趋于定值. 采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型得到甲苯光催化降解的反应速率常数和吸附常数, 并通过FI-RT和GC-MS初步确定了反应产物.     

纳米粒子嫁接嵌段共聚物体系的自组装模拟研究

基于非格点模型,结合自洽场理论中的能量表达式,运用蒙特卡洛模拟方法对嫁接有嵌段共聚物的纳米粒子进行自组装模拟研究。每一个纳米粒子表面上嫁接有多条相同性质的AB嵌段共聚物,其中组分之间存在一定的相互作用。通过改变组分之间的相互作用来对纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物体系的自组装结构进行研究。通过模拟发现:当一个纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物体系只存在A-B组分相互排斥作用时,其纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物中的A组分与B组分相分离,若同时还存在A-A(B-B)组分相互吸引作用时,其A-A(B-B)组分会相融合。同时还发现随着纳米粒子表面上的嵌段共聚物数量的减少,其嵌段共聚物黏附在纳米粒子表面的现象越明显。还研究了两个纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物体系的自组装模拟,并对其体系受两个纳米粒子之间距离的影响进行了研究。通过上述研究模拟发现,纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物的相结构以及其"最适"稳定态受组分之间的相互作用势和纳米粒子之间的距离的影响。     

基于二硫化钼-碳纳米颗粒复合物的电化学传感器

采用L-半胱氨酸辅助溶液相方法合成二硫化钼-碳纳米颗粒复合物,并利用扫描电子电镜对复合物的形貌进行表征.基于二硫化钼-碳纳米颗粒复合物修饰玻碳电极构建电化学传感器,用于扑热息痛的灵敏检测,利用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法考察了电化学传感器的电化学行为.结果表明,扑热息痛的线性检测范围为0.1~100μmol/L,检出限为0.01μmol/L.而且,该方法成功地用于实际药品中扑热息痛的检测.该传感器具有选择性高、抗干扰能力强、重现性和稳定性好的优点.     

紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒的制备及其体外评价

采用乳化-溶剂蒸发法制备紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒,马尔文激光粒度仪测其粒径及Zeta电位;HPLC法测定纳米粒包封率和载药量;研究载药纳米粒在PBS中的释放动力学;初步评价载药纳米粒在MGC803、HeLa细胞中的摄取及细胞毒性。结果表明,通过包载形成的纳米粒的粒径为(13±1)nm,分布较集中。载体与药物的质量比在20∶1时,紫杉醇的均一性最好,卡巴他赛的包封率最高,达到88.77%。载药纳米粒具有较好的缓释作用,MGC803、HeLa细胞的存活率降低,与临床用注射剂效果相近。紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒的性质、释放、细胞抑瘤率都较好,可为开发紫杉烷类新型静脉注射制剂提供实验依据。