Synthesis and Applications of Fluoroalkyl End-capped Oligomeric Nanoparticles

1 Results Considerable interest has been devoted in recent years to block copolymers containing fluoroalkyl groups owing to exhibiting the low surface energy and the self-assembled polymeric aggregates resembling micelle in aqueous and organic media, which cannot be achieved in the corresponding randomly fluorinated copolymers[1].In these fluorinated block copolymers, we have found that ABA triblock-type fluoroalkylated oligomers and dendritic-type fluoroalkyl end-capped block copolymers can be prepared...     

极低逾渗阈值的导电聚苯胺纳米复合膜

直接将改进的微乳液聚合法合成的纳米聚苯胺分别与聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酰胺进行溶液共混复合,浇铸成纳米聚苯胺复合膜,研究了聚苯胺的加入量对复合膜的电导率的影响.所得复合膜的电导率符合逾渗规律,且导电膜的逾渗阈值极低,为0.04%左右,其中PVA纳米复合膜出现了双逾渗行为.加入极少量的聚苯胺即可使膜的导电率发生突跃,使其从绝缘体转变成半导体或导体.逾渗阈值下的复合膜不仅力学性能良好,而且透明性接近于纯基体膜,当膜中的聚苯胺质量分数为0.1%时,PVA复合膜对300～700 nm波长的可见光的透过率为70%～84%.     

A novel Fe/HNT visible light-driven heterogeneous photocatalyst: Development as a semiconductor and photocatalytic application

Fe/HNT (Iron/Halloysite-nanotube) heterogeneous semiconductor catalysts operating effectively under visible light were developed by using FeCl₃, FeSO₄ and Fe(OH)₃ sludge precipitated after electro-Fenton process and named as Fe/HNT-I, Fe/HNT-II and Fe/HNT-III, respectively. Chemical configuration and particle morphology of the catalysts were characterized with XRD, SEM-EDS and UV–vis DRS. Effect of the developed Fe/HNT photocatalysts was investigated for the degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) textile dye under visible light. The photocatalytic decolorization of RO16 was 95.6%, 99.3% and 96.6%, respectively. It was found that the photocatalytic performance of Fe/HNT-III catalyst under visible light was effective compared to Fe/HNT-I and Fe/HNT-II. The iron ratio in the catalyst's structure (Fe:HNT ratio 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 (w/w)) and pH value (4, 7 and 9) in production phase were also changed to investigate the photocatalytic effect of Fe/HNT-III. An Fe:HNT ratio of 0.25 and a pH of 4 were determined as the optimum conditions for catalyst production. Optimum H₂O₂ dosage value was also investigated for photocatalytic oxidation process and determined to be 10 ?mM. Finally, the optimum conditions were further used for the degradation of Terbinafine hydrochloride (TerHCl) active drug and the treatment of wastewater from the textile and pharmaceutical industries.     

钛掺杂BiFeO3光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备钛(Ti)掺杂BiFeO₃纳米颗粒(Ti-BiFeO₃), 研究不同煅烧温度对Ti掺杂BiFeO₃结构调控及光催化性能的影响, 用X射线衍射（XRD）、 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、 能谱分析（EDS）、 紫外-可见（UV-Vis)光谱技术对颗粒的相结构、 形貌、 原子比例、 光催化性能等进行测试及分析, 并以罗丹明-B为目标降解物, 对Ti掺杂BiFeO3光催化性能进行研究. 结果表明: Ti掺杂BiFeO₃样品在不同煅烧温度均出现Bi₂Fe₄O₉相; 煅烧温度可对Bi₂Fe₄O₉的含量进行调控, 在650 ℃煅烧样品中含有适量的Bi₂Fe₄O₉相, 能有效提高Ti掺杂BiFeO₃的光催化活性, 且具有较高的降解活性, 60 min内降解效率达85%.     

The Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA detection on a gold nanoparticle-enhanced piezoelectric biosensor

This paper presents development of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor for real-time de- tection of E. coli O157:H7 DNA based on nanogold particles amplification. Many inner Au nanoparticles were immobilized onto the thioled surface of the Au electrode, then more specific thiolated sin- gle-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes could be fixed through Au-SH bonding. The hybridization was in- duced by exposing the ssDNA probe to the complementary target DNA of E. coli O157:H7 gene eaeA, then resulted in a mass change and corresponding frequency shifts ( △f ) of the QCM. The outer avidin-coated Au nanoparticles could combine with the target DNA to increase the mass. The electro- chemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were adopted to manifest and character each step. The target DNA corresponding to 2.0×103 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL E. coli O157:H7 cells can be detected by this biosensor, so it is practical to develop a sensitive and effective QCM biosensor for pathogenic bacteria detection based on specific DNA analy- sis. The piezoelectric biosensing system has potential for further applications, such as food safety and environment monitoring, and this approach lays the groundwork for incorporating the method into an integrated system for in-field bacteria detection.     

铜纳米颗粒吸收光谱特性研究

采用蒸汽冷凝法制备了10～100nm的铜纳米颗粒,然后将纳米铜分散在水溶液中,通过重力沉降法得到一系列不同尺度的铜纳米颗粒溶液．用光栅光谱仪检测其透射光谱,并进行分析处理．结果表明,不同尺寸的纳米铜颗粒均有2个吸收峰,峰值波长分别在450nm和610nm左右,并且随着铜纳米颗粒尺度的减小,吸收峰向短波长移动．纳米铜颗粒的光吸收谱中出现的双峰结构,我们认为来自于其特有的表面等离激元吸收峰．     

Au@SiO2颗粒对石墨烯量子点拉曼信号的增强作用

采用金纳米颗粒包覆了一层二氧化硅壳层作为实验材料,利用该核壳材料增强石墨烯量子点的拉曼信号,并实现了单颗粒增强.实验中,二氧化硅的厚度可以通过反应时间得到控制,该壳层可以增强金纳米颗粒的化学和物理稳定性.本文方法与使用纯金纳米颗粒增强石墨烯量子点拉曼信号相比,其拉曼信号强度增强了20%以上.     

以天然淀粉为内核的硒纳米颗粒的研制及其应用

利用氧化还原体系把高价硒还原为具有生物活性的红色零价硒,以生物材料淀粉为内核,采用纳米制备技术,得到核壳型的淀粉硒纳米颗粒(St-Se0NP).用透射电子显微镜和Zeta-sizer电位分析仪对颗粒进行表征,发现所制备的颗粒具有核壳结构,平均粒径为50 nm左右,电性呈中性.淀粉硒纳米颗粒作为植物营养调节剂应用于巨峰葡萄植株,成熟葡萄果实中的硒含量比对照提高了5倍,糖份提高了30%,钙含量提高了40%,而酸含量则降低了30%,大大改善了葡萄的风味.研究还对硒纳米颗粒的作用机制进行了初步讨论,认为较普通硒化物,淀粉硒纳米颗粒在植物体内形成了缓释,提高了硒在植物体内的作用效果.     

表面活性剂及大分子作为纳米粒子制备模板的研究新进展

分析了表面活性剂、大分子以及表面活性剂-大分子复合体系在纳米粒子制备中的应用.研究表明,表面活性剂形成的胶束结构、大分子或表面活性剂和大分子形成的有序体均可以作为软模板,在制备纳米粒子中发挥模板作用和稳定保护作用.     

纳米氧化锌晶须的制备及光催化降解苯胺研究

研究纳米氧化锌晶须和氧化锌纳米粉末在紫外光光催化降解苯胺的能力,借助于色谱/质谱联用及紫外/可见光光谱对苯胺降解产物进行了分析.降解动力学研究结果表明,苯胺光降解符合准一级反应动力学规律,纳米氧化锌晶须催化反应速度比普通纳米粉末快,COD去除率高达89.4%;两者对苯胺光降解过程的中间产物相似,主要为醇类化合物,这些化合物进一步氧化为二氧化碳和少量聚合物.