Thermal diffusivity determination of solids by time-domain photoacoustic piezoelectric technique

Thermal–physical property is one of the most important properties of materials. The conventional frequency-domain photoacoustic piezoelectric(PAPE) technique has been developed as an important method for thermal diffusivity determination. In this paper, the PAPE technique is extended to time domain(TD). First, based on a simplified thermoelastic model, the TD PAPE theory under square-wave-modulated excitation was developed,the dependence of the TD PAPE signal on modulation frequency as well as material parameters was obtained, and the determination of thermal diffusivity was simulated and theoretically analyzed. Second, the experimental system and the corresponding measurement method were established. Third, thermal diffusivities of various standard samples, such as copper, aluminum, and nickel, were measured, and the effectiveness of the technique was verified. The results show that the TD PAPE technique can provide a simple, fast and effective way for thermal diffusion study.     

高温下2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)热分解动力学模拟

应用分子动力学模拟方法研究了2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)在纯高温下的分解机理,研究结果表明TNT初始分解机理主要为C-NO2键的断裂和NO2-ONO重新排列导致O-N键发生断裂,然后发生H原子转移反应形成H2O,HONO和HO分子;通过对TNT热分解反应物和生成物的研究结果表明N2和H2O分子是TNT分解过程中最稳定的生成物,NO2,NO和HONO分子为TNT热分解过程中的中间产物;在高温4500K,CO,H2,CO2和OH分子出现的频率逐渐提高,表明这几种分子在高温下更容易形成.     

Thermal stability and magnetic properties of Fe–Co–M–Zr–Nb–Ge–B(M=Mo,Cr) bulk metallic glasses

Fe62Co8 xMxZr6Nb4Ge1B19(M=Mo, Cr) bulk metallic glasses were synthesized in the diameter range up to 2 mm by copper mold casting,which exhibit high thermal stability and large glass-forming ability. The super-cooled liquid region diminishes by the dissolution of Mo. The addition of 2 at% Cr leads to the broading of the liquid region remarkably, resulting in the improvement of thermal stability. The crystallization takes place through a single exothermic reaction, accompanying the precipitation of more than three kinds of crystallized phases such as α-Fe,Fe2Zr and ZrB2. The Fe-based alloys show soft ferromagnetic properties. The saturation magnetization(ss) decreases with increasing Mo or Cr content while the saturated magnetostriction increases with raising Mo or Cr content. There is no evident change in the ssand coercive force(Hc)with annealing temperature below the crystallization temperature, which suggests a more relaxed atomic configuration the glasses have. The crystallization causes a substantial enhancement in both ssand Hc. Each soft magnetic property of the glasses containing Cr with higher thermal stability is superior to that of the alloys containing Mo.     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of SiC–MoSi2 multi-phase coating for SiC coated C/C composites

In order to improve the anti-oxidation of C/C composites, a SiC–MoSi2multi-phase coating for SiC coated carbon/carbon composites(C/C)was prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition(LPCVD) using methyltrichlorosilane(MTS) as precursor, combined with slurry painting from MoSi2 powder. The phase composition and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) methods, and the deposition mechanism was discussed. The isothermal oxidation and thermal shock resistance were investigated in a furnace containing air environment at 1500 1C. The results show that the as-prepared SiC–MoSi2coating consists of MoSi2 particles as a dispersing phase and CVD–SiC as a continuous phase. The weight loss of the coated samples is 1.51% after oxidation at 1500 1C for 90 h, and 4.79% after 30 thermal cycles between 1500 1C and room temperature. The penetrable cracks and cavities in the coating served as the diffusion channel of oxygen, resulted in the oxidation of C/C composites, and led to the weight loss in oxidation.     

被动式太阳能结合相变墙在苏北自然通风环境下的应用研究

通过建立实体的模型房间,选择寒冷的冬季和炎热的夏季两种环境,对被动式太阳能建筑结合相变墙体的综合应用状态进行了模拟研究,获得了太阳能集热墙、相变墙体等结构的表面温度及室内温度参数,利用动态热网络分析法,建立综合考虑建筑内部舒适度的4种运行工况,通过对比分析的方法,验证了由被动式太阳能建筑结合相变墙体的实验房具有冬暖夏凉的功能。在炎热的夏季,相变墙发挥了蓄冷作用,同时太阳能集热墙的被动通风,使得实验房内白天温度较普通房有所下降;在寒冷的冬季,白天太阳能集热墙的吸热与相变材料的蓄热,使得实验房内夜晚温度较普通房有所上升,从而实现实验房冬暖夏凉的功能。     

分布式温度感测技术在金坛地区地层导热性能评价中的应用

为了确定常州市金坛地区地下热物性系数,为浅层地热能的开发提供理论依据,基于线热源理论将分布式温度感测技术(distributed temperature sensing,DTS)与现场热响应技术(thermal response test,TRT)相结合,利用分布式热响应试验(dis-tributed thermal response test,DTRT)及主动加热光纤的热响应试验(active heating optical fiber thermal response test,ATRT),对该地区不同深度地层的导热系数进行了监测计算和分析评价,并比较了不同技术的监测结果.试验结果表明:基于DTS技术的DTRT相比于传统TRT,可以实现各土层导热系数的分布式测试;ATRT计算得出的各层导热系数分布趋势与DTRT趋势大体相同,证明了将ATRT应用到导热系数的测试中的可行性.并且,相比TRT和DTRT,ATRT耗时更短耗能更低的优势,这也使得ATRT技术在地温场监测中具有较大的潜力.     

基于红外图像处理技术的设备过热故障源定位

传统的电力设备过热故障都是通过人工检测完成的,无法做到无接触检测,危险性较强。结合红外热成像理论,设计并实现基于红外图像处理技术的电力设备过热故障检测系统,介绍了系统的总体结构,通过远程图像采集模块完成电力设备范围内红外图像数据的采集以及预处理,DSP模块作为红外设备图像实时处理的核心,实现整个系统的控制及调控。利用FPGA模块实现图像信号数据的暂存、预处理及匹配等操作。详细分析了基于红外图像分割技术的软件设计基础和实现方法,并给出系统程序实现代码。系统测试结果显示,所提系统具有很高的可行性及实用性。     

热塑性塑料对环氧树脂冲击性能及热性能的影响

采用聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)3种热塑性塑料改性环氧树脂,研究了不同热塑性塑料对环氧树脂在低温(77 K)及室温下的冲击性能及热性能的影响。研究结果表明:相对于纯环氧树脂,PEI、PC和PBT改性环氧树脂在77 K时的冲击强度分别提高了50.7%、36.4%和30.7%,在室温下的冲击强度分别提高了58.5%、39.2%和28.9%;PEI、PC和PBT改性环氧树脂及纯环氧树脂在-150℃的储能模量分别为5025 MPa、4733 MPa、4539 MPa和3853 MPa;相对于纯环氧树脂,PEI、PC和PBT改性环氧树脂的起始热失重温度分别提高了14℃、10℃和7℃。表明热塑性塑料可提高环氧树脂的冲击性能和热稳定性。     

表面活性剂对Al2O3基泡沫陶瓷性能的影响

采用三维网状的聚氨酯有机泡沫体作为载体制备Al₂O₃基泡沫陶瓷。选用了不同质量分数的木质素磺酸钙溶液作为表面活性剂对泡沫进行了表面活化,研究表面活性剂加入量对氧化铝基小孔泡沫陶瓷过滤器性能的影响。研究表明:随着活化剂质量分数的增大,试样的抗压强度和热震稳定性先升后降,当活化剂木质素质量分数为1.0%时,泡沫陶瓷性能最好,此时强度达到1.147 MPa,热震循环次数达到11次。     

含氟二胺合成及其聚酰亚胺薄膜性能研究

为改善聚酰亚胺薄膜的透明性和溶解性,通过Williamson醚化反应较高产率地合成出高纯度的2,2-双[4-(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷,该含氟二胺与3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)在溶剂中缩聚得到聚酰胺酸,热亚胺化得到玻璃化转变温度Tg为350.2℃、在氮气中10%热失重温度为539.8℃、紫外截止波长为390 nm的含氟透明聚酰亚胺,并合成了联苯二酐/二苯醚二胺薄膜BPDA-ODA,通过对两种薄膜热稳定性、透光率、溶解性能的比较发现,在聚酰亚胺分子结构中引入氟原子,在不改变其热稳定性的前提下,可明显改善聚酰亚胺的透明性和溶解性。