热循环疲劳损伤及其简化计算方法

重点研究了热循环所引起的疲劳损伤.从物理本质严格地推证出了热疲劳损伤量及其损伤寿命的计算公式.并在此基础上提出了一种计算热疲劳损伤寿命的简便方法.可以实现用恒温疲劳试验的结果估算热循环疲劳损伤寿命.方便实用.     

孤岛减压渣油及南京焦化渣油热转化反应动力学模型

采用金属浴急速升温加热反应原料和在冷水中对反应残渣油急冷的方法,对孤岛减压渣油和南京焦化渣油在400～440℃条件下的裂解动力学规律进行了试验研究.建立了热转化动力学模型.这种金属浴反应器温度稳定、热容量大、传热速率高,优于电加热法.试验数据为进一步研究管式加热炉工艺计算提供了依据.     

航空发动机主轴-轴承系统温度场分析

在对航空发动机主轴-轴承系统热力学分析基础上,对主轴-轴承系统的发热、传导、对流、辐射等进行了分析,利用热路网络热流量平衡原理,建立了相应的热平衡方程组,并用数值分析方法对系统温度场进行了数值求解。实例计算和试验测试结果对比分析表明：所选节点温度的计算值和实测值之间相差不足1．2％,反映出本文建立的航空发动机主轴-轴承系统温度场计算数学模型具有很高的精确度,完全适用于一般的主轴-轴承系统温度场理论计算与分析。     

Nanoscale structural and electronic evolution for increased efficiency in polymer solar cells monitored by electric scanning probe microscopy

Control of blend morphology at multi-scale is critical for optimizing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of plastic solar cells. To better understand the physics of photoactive layer in the organic photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to gain understanding of morphol- ogy and the corresponding electronic property. Herein we report the correlation between nanoscale structural, electric properties of bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells and the annealing-induced PCE change. We demonstrate that the PCE of BHJ solar cells are dramatically improved （from 1.3 % to 4.6 %） by thermal annealing, which results from P3HT crystalline stacking and the PCBM aggregation for interpenetrated network. The similar trend for annealing- induced photovoltage and PCE evolution present as an initial increase followed by a decrease with the annealing time and temperature. The surface roughness increase slowly and then abruptly after the same inflection points observed for photovoltage and PCE. The phase images in electric force microscopy indicate the optimized P3HT and PCBM crystallization for interpenetrating network formation considering the spectroscopic results as well. From the correlation between surface photovoltage, blend morphology, and PCE, we propose a model to illustrate the film structure and its evolution under different annealing conditions. This work would benefit the better design and optimization of the morphology and local electric proper- ties of solar cell active layers for improved PCE.     

温度对动态孔洞增长的影响

将孔洞化的概念推广到动态情况并考虑了温度效应对其影响.研究了弹塑性材料中一个球形孔洞从稳定到不稳定直到破坏的整个动态增长过程.得到了常载荷下孔洞增长率的封闭形式解．当孔洞半径趋于无穷，也就是失稳的极限情况下可得到孔洞增长率的一个有限值．此极限值与温度效应有关．文中还分析了孔洞增长时间随孔洞半径的变化规律，此规律也受到温度引起的热效应的影响.     

一维FPU模型的热传导

采用分子动力学方法分析一维FPU模型的热传导,以研究低维系统的热传导是否遵循Fourier热传导定律.结果表明:只有在两端温度较高的情况下,其温度才能呈现梯度分布,且热导率与链长呈指数关系;而如果两端温度很低,则不能形成梯度分布.     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

Influence of thermal-decomposition temperatures on structures and properties of V2O5 as cathode materials for lithium ion battery

Submicron spherical V2O5 particles with a uniform size and a lower crystallinity were successfully synthesized by a chemical precipitationthermal decomposition technique using the commercial V2O5 powders as starting material. The crystal structure and grain morphology of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. Electrochemical testing such as discharge–charge cycling(CD) and cyclic voltammetry(CV) were employed in evaluating their electrochemical properties as cathode materials for lithium ion battery. Results reveal that the crystallinity and crystalline size of V2O5 particles increased when the thermal-decomposition temperature increased from 400 ℃ to 500 ℃, and their adhesiveness was also synchronously increased. This indicate that the thermaldecomposition temperature palyed a significant influence on electrochemical properties of V2O5 cathodes. The V2O5 sample obtained at 400 ℃ delivered not only a high initial discharge capacity of 330 m A h g-1and also the good cycle stability during 50 cycles due to its higher values ofα in crystal structure and better dispersity in grain morphology.     

氧化镧活性的热分析研究

草酸镧热分解产物氧化镧直接水解得到反应活性高的氢氧化镧，用热重（ＴＧ）和差热分析（ＤＴＡ）研究了氧化镧的活性，方法简单且不易引进其它杂质。