安徽省主要城市"八五"期间大气环境质量回顾评价

运用模糊集理论及数学评价方法对安徽省八城市“八五”期间大气环境质量进行对比分析评价 ,探讨城市建设、人类经济活动与大气环境质量的关系 .     

E0—1Hyperion高光谱影像的FLAASH大气校正与评价

遥感影像的大气校正是遥感数据应用的基础．文章利用ENVI软件的FLAASH大气校正模块,对Hype—rion高光谱遥感影像进行大气校正,选取典型地物对校正效果进行评价．主观定性评价结果显示校正后的影像地物边界更清楚、对比度增强;光谱曲线对比分析显示,校正前后光谱曲线形状完全不同,林地的反射率图像的光谱曲线形状与USGS...     

单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪研究进展

大气气溶胶因其对气候和公众健康的影响而成为当今环境研究领域的中心课题.单颗粒分析是目前国际上大气气溶胶研究的一个前沿领域,该方法具有高的时间和空间分辨率,能够提供全颗粒物分析所无法提供的大量信息.利用自主研制的单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(single particle aerosol mass spectrometer,SPAMS),对广东鹤山地区气溶胶进行在线分析.重点分析含金属颗粒的相关性、数浓度和可能的来源,并简单介绍该仪器的产业化情况.     

常压盐溶液法从烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须研究

对在常压盐溶液中用钙基湿法烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须的工艺过程进行试验研究,考察了温度、CaCl2浓度、H2SO4浓度和搅拌速率对脱硫石膏转化过程的影响。结果表明,在一定浓度的CaCl2和H2SO4溶液中,脱硫石膏可转化生成α-CaSO4.0.5H2O晶须,最适宜的转化条件为:w(CaCl2)=5.0%、w(H2SO4)=0.8%、结晶温度为102℃,搅拌速率为160r/min。在此条件下转化6h制得的α-CaSO4.0.5H2O晶须平均长度为236μm,长径比为95。     

基于PSInSAR和GIS空间分析的南通市区地面沉降监测

为提高永久散射体雷达差分干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术中大气延迟相位提取精度,在采用滤波方法从残余相位中提取大气延迟相位时,提出了基于结构函数的最佳滤波方法及滤波窗口大小的自动确定方法;并对PS(permanentscatterer)点的线性形变速率进行空间分析,了解其数据分布,探测离群值,然后进行Kriging插值,以获得高分辨率的沉降速率图.为验证方法的有效性,以江苏南通市区为试验区域,采用2006—2007年间15幅Envisat卫星SAR(synthetic aperture radar)图像进行地面沉降监测.结果表明,该方法有利于确保大气延迟相位的提取精度,获得了南通市区高分辨率的沉降速率图,发现南通市区存在多个沉降漏斗,但在2006—2007年间没有出现沉降速率特别大的沉降漏斗,大部分区域的沉降速率不超过11 mm.年-1.     

香格里拉区域大气本底站环境特征初探

介绍了香格里拉大气本底站的站址地理分布特征,分析和总结了近年来的基本气象要素特征,通过轨迹-聚类方法分析了影响该站的气流来源.轨迹分析结果表明:香格里拉区域大气本底观测站对于探讨南亚地区的大气成分远距离输送对我国西南地区的环境影响具有独特的作用.     

部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中传输的交叉偏振度

推导部分相干电磁高斯-谢尔模型光束在湍流大气中的交叉谱密度矩阵.根据交叉偏振度的理论,研究部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中的交叉偏振度的变化情况.研究表明,部分相干电磁光束的交叉偏振度由大气折射率结构常数、光源相关长度、光束初始偏振度和观察点位置决定.交叉偏振度不同于一般偏振度,它的值不再仅仅局限在0～1,而是可以取任何非...     

Sea surface temperature east of Australia： A predictor of tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific？

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNPTCF) is analyzed by use of observation data.The WNPTCF from June to October is correlated negatively to spring SST east of Australia.When the spring SST is in the positive phase,a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere prevail over the western North Pacific from June to October,concurrent with an anomalous atmospheric subsidence and an enlarged vertical zonal wind shear.These conditions are unfavorable for tropical cyclone genesis,and thus WNPTCF decreases.The negative phase of the spring SST east of Australia leads to more tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.The spring SST east of Australia may give rise to simultaneous change in tropical atmospheric circulation via the teleconnection wave train,and then subsequently affect atmospheric circulation variation over the western North Pacific.     

Statistical models for intensity and phase fluctuation of laser light in a turbulent medium

The probability density function of irradiance fluctuations in a turbulent atmosphere remains an open topic of research.It is generally considered that the speckle field has an elliptical-Gaussian speckle distribution,but because of its complexity there is still no exact analytical solution.By introducing the concept of random fluctuation intensity and using an equiprobability density ellipse,exact models of the random fluctuation intensity and its phase are proposed.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,it is concluded that the random fluctuation intensity and its corresponding phase are independent only under the circular-Gaussian approximation.     

Predicting the spread of nuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Japan suffered a M9.0 earthquake and massive tsunami on March 11, 2011, which seriously damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and caused a nuclear crisis. The spread of nuclear radiation from the power plant through the atmosphere and ocean was predicted with a short-term climate forecasting model and an ocean circulation model under some idealized assumptions. If nuclear matter were leaked in the near-ground layer of 992 hPa, the climate model results show that the nuclear radiation would cover North America 10 days after the initial leakage, with the concentration at the forefront dramatically reduced to 10 millionths of the initial model concentration at the source. The radiation would span Europe in 15 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 30 days. If the initial leakage was assumed to occur in the layer 5000-m above the ground, the radiation would cover Europe in 10 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 15 days. Moreover, under the assumption that the nuclear matter leaked in the 10000-m layer, the radiation would affect much of China after 10 days. The ocean circulation model indicates that the nuclear material would be slowly transported northeast of Fukushima and reach 150°E in 50 days, and the nuclear debris in the ocean would be confined to a narrow band. Compared with the spread in the ocean, the area affected by leaked nuclear radiation in the atmosphere would be very large. Atmospheric monitors in North America and Europe will be helpful for estimating the effect in China of any leaked nuclear material.