单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪研究进展

大气气溶胶因其对气候和公众健康的影响而成为当今环境研究领域的中心课题.单颗粒分析是目前国际上大气气溶胶研究的一个前沿领域,该方法具有高的时间和空间分辨率,能够提供全颗粒物分析所无法提供的大量信息.利用自主研制的单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(single particle aerosol mass spectrometer,SPAMS),对广东鹤山地区气溶胶进行在线分析.重点分析含金属颗粒的相关性、数浓度和可能的来源,并简单介绍该仪器的产业化情况.     

温度不均匀性对吸收池中气体吸收的影响

为研究温度不均匀性对低温控制吸收池中气体吸收的影响,建立了桌面不锈钢体低温控制吸收池体积分数标定装置,并使用自行编制的大气辐射传输软件ARH iRS进行模拟计算.实验结果和数值模拟计算结果表明,长1m,充满1.01×105Pa二氧化碳(CO2)气体的吸收池,由于吸收池内外温差导致内部温度不均匀分布(吸收池中轴向温度呈中心对称分布,且吸收池中间的气体温度较低,两端靠近窗片处的温度比中心温度高276~278 K),温度不均匀分布对吸收池气体吸收透射比的影响不大于0.05%,对反演体积分数的影响不超过0.80%,能够满足体积分数定标的需要.     

Statistical models for intensity and phase fluctuation of laser light in a turbulent medium

The probability density function of irradiance fluctuations in a turbulent atmosphere remains an open topic of research.It is generally considered that the speckle field has an elliptical-Gaussian speckle distribution,but because of its complexity there is still no exact analytical solution.By introducing the concept of random fluctuation intensity and using an equiprobability density ellipse,exact models of the random fluctuation intensity and its phase are proposed.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,it is concluded that the random fluctuation intensity and its corresponding phase are independent only under the circular-Gaussian approximation.     

Forced response of atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model

Variations in global atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium are simulated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. The model was driven by reconstructions of both natural forcing (solar variability and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol). The model results are compared against proxy reconstruction data. The reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was out of phase with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the last millennium. During the ...     

Sea surface temperature east of Australia： A predictor of tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific？

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNPTCF) is analyzed by use of observation data.The WNPTCF from June to October is correlated negatively to spring SST east of Australia.When the spring SST is in the positive phase,a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere prevail over the western North Pacific from June to October,concurrent with an anomalous atmospheric subsidence and an enlarged vertical zonal wind shear.These conditions are unfavorable for tropical cyclone genesis,and thus WNPTCF decreases.The negative phase of the spring SST east of Australia leads to more tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.The spring SST east of Australia may give rise to simultaneous change in tropical atmospheric circulation via the teleconnection wave train,and then subsequently affect atmospheric circulation variation over the western North Pacific.     

Predicting the spread of nuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Japan suffered a M9.0 earthquake and massive tsunami on March 11, 2011, which seriously damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and caused a nuclear crisis. The spread of nuclear radiation from the power plant through the atmosphere and ocean was predicted with a short-term climate forecasting model and an ocean circulation model under some idealized assumptions. If nuclear matter were leaked in the near-ground layer of 992 hPa, the climate model results show that the nuclear radiation would cover North America 10 days after the initial leakage, with the concentration at the forefront dramatically reduced to 10 millionths of the initial model concentration at the source. The radiation would span Europe in 15 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 30 days. If the initial leakage was assumed to occur in the layer 5000-m above the ground, the radiation would cover Europe in 10 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 15 days. Moreover, under the assumption that the nuclear matter leaked in the 10000-m layer, the radiation would affect much of China after 10 days. The ocean circulation model indicates that the nuclear material would be slowly transported northeast of Fukushima and reach 150°E in 50 days, and the nuclear debris in the ocean would be confined to a narrow band. Compared with the spread in the ocean, the area affected by leaked nuclear radiation in the atmosphere would be very large. Atmospheric monitors in North America and Europe will be helpful for estimating the effect in China of any leaked nuclear material.     

部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中传输的交叉偏振度

推导部分相干电磁高斯-谢尔模型光束在湍流大气中的交叉谱密度矩阵.根据交叉偏振度的理论,研究部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中的交叉偏振度的变化情况.研究表明,部分相干电磁光束的交叉偏振度由大气折射率结构常数、光源相关长度、光束初始偏振度和观察点位置决定.交叉偏振度不同于一般偏振度,它的值不再仅仅局限在0～1,而是可以取任何非...     

E0—1Hyperion高光谱影像的FLAASH大气校正与评价

遥感影像的大气校正是遥感数据应用的基础．文章利用ENVI软件的FLAASH大气校正模块,对Hype—rion高光谱遥感影像进行大气校正,选取典型地物对校正效果进行评价．主观定性评价结果显示校正后的影像地物边界更清楚、对比度增强;光谱曲线对比分析显示,校正前后光谱曲线形状完全不同,林地的反射率图像的光谱曲线形状与USGS...     

常压盐溶液法从烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须研究

对在常压盐溶液中用钙基湿法烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须的工艺过程进行试验研究,考察了温度、CaCl2浓度、H2SO4浓度和搅拌速率对脱硫石膏转化过程的影响。结果表明,在一定浓度的CaCl2和H2SO4溶液中,脱硫石膏可转化生成α-CaSO4.0.5H2O晶须,最适宜的转化条件为:w(CaCl2)=5.0%、w(H2SO4)=0.8%、结晶温度为102℃,搅拌速率为160r/min。在此条件下转化6h制得的α-CaSO4.0.5H2O晶须平均长度为236μm,长径比为95。     

常压矩形容器壁板强度和刚度设计

目前 ,国内化工行业中所用的矩形常压容器都是按 JB/T4735 -1997《钢制焊接常压容器》规范进行设计的。新版中增加了 ( APRV)一类新型容器。文章以矩形薄板的经典李维 ( L evy)解为基础 ,推导了三边简支一边自由 ,承受液体静压矩形板的应力和挠度计算公式 ,并由此进一步分析得到了常压矩形容器壁板的厚度、挠度计算公式和曲线。