Design of optimum solid oxide membrane electrolysis cells for metals production

Oxide to metal conversion is one of the most energy-intensive steps in the value chain for metals production. Solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis process provides a general route for directly reducing various metal oxides to their respective metals, alloys, or intermetallics. Because of its lower energy use and ability to use inert anode resulting in zero carbon emission, SOM electrolysis process emerges as a promising technology that can replace the state-of-the-art metals production processes. In this paper, a careful study of the SOM electrolysis process using equivalent DC circuit modeling is performed and correlated to the experimental results. A discussion on relative importance of each resistive element in the circuit and on possible ways of lowering the rate-limiting resistive elements provides a generic guideline for designing optimum SOM electrolysis cells.     

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on porous silicon substrates: Effect of growth time

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on porous silicon(PS) substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature.X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and photoluminescence(PL)analyses were carried out to investigate the effect of growth duration(2 h to 8 h) on the optical and structural properties of the aligned ZnO nanorods. Strong and sharp ZnO(0 0 2) peaks of the ZnO nanorods proved that the aligned ZnO nanorods were preferentially fabricated along the c-axis of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images demonstrated that the Zn O nanorod arrays were well aligned along the c-axis and perpendicular to the PS substrates regardless of the growth duration. The TEM image showed that the top surfaces of the ZnO nanorods were round with a smooth curvature. PL spectra demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods grown for 5 h exhibited the sharpest and most intense PL peaks within the ultraviolet range among all samples.     

Effect of equal channel angular pressing on aging treatment of Al-7075 alloy

The effect of aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed Al-7075 alloy was examined.Commercial Al-7075 alloy in the solid solution heat-treated condition was processed by equal channel angular pressing through route BCat both the room temperature and 120 1C. Only three passes of equal channel angular pressing was possible due to the low ductility of the alloy at both temperatures. Followed by equal channel angular pressing, the specimens have been aged at 120 1C for different aging times. Mechanical properties were measured by Vickers microhardness and tensile tests and microstructural observations were undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer as well as optical microscopy. Microstructural investigations showed that ultrafine-grained materials with grain size in the range of 200–350 nm and 300–500 nm could be obtained after three passes of equal channel angular pressing at room temperature and 120 1C, respectively. Equal channel angular pressing of solid solution heat-treated Al-7075 alloy accelerates precipitation rate and subsequently leads to a significant decrease in aging time to attain maximum mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve maximum mechanical properties during equal channel angular pressing at 120 1C as a result of dynamic aging and formation of small η′ phase.     

基于Visual Basic编程的深井有杆泵设计

针对西部油田井深、温度和压力高的特点,展开深井有杆泵采油技术研究。研究过程中用实际井温度压力数据对温度压力模型进行对比,选择合适的深井温度压力计算方法。杆柱设计过程中考虑深井中常用玻璃钢杆柱的情况,针对深井载荷较大的特点,以整体杆柱质量最轻为第一目标,结合Visual Basic编程手段,提出一套深井有杆泵程序设计方法;并对现场深井进行有杆泵优化设计。结果表明:设计方案与实际生产数据相比,能使载荷明显减小,满足深井生产要求,为深井有杆泵设计提供方便。     

基于蚁群搜索理论的优化卡尔曼步频预测

为了使智能下肢能够实时地调节膝关节阻尼,使其固有频率与实际步频相符,达到更加接近正常步态的效果,提出了一种基于蚁群搜索理论的卡尔曼步频预测算法.利用蚁群算法在规定的连续域中寻找卡尔曼预测方程中系统误差与测量误差两个参数的最优组合,实现对卡尔曼预测方程的优化.通过获取六组人行走的步频数据进行实验,结果表明:经蚁群算法优化后,卡尔曼预测算法预测得到的步频与后验值之间的误差比跟随方式的误差分别减少了44.10%,43.42%和36.17%,证明了基于蚁群搜索理论的优化卡尔曼步频预测方法在智能下肢控制上具有良好的应用前景.     

对称格路与恒等式

对一种简单而又重要的组合结构——对称格路进行了研究。记dn,mn,sn分别为长2n的对称Dyck格路,M otzkin格路,Schr¨oder格路的个数。利用Riordan阵理论得到了他们之间所满足的六个组合恒等式并给予两个组合解释。最后,得到了特殊Riordan阵系数所满足的恒等式。根据某些恒等式估计长为2n的对称Dyck路平均中间高度和平均落在x轴上的点的个数。     

温度、压力对莺-琼盆地储层岩石物性影响的实验研究

为探讨温度、压力的变化对储层岩石物性的影响,利用高温高压岩石物性参数测试系统对莺-琼盆地中深层砂岩储层岩样进行了气体介质的变温及高温变围压孔隙度和渗透率测试。实验结果表明,莺-琼盆地储层岩石在高温下的热膨胀会造成岩石的孔隙度和渗透率出现轻微下降,热膨胀效应对孔隙度影响很小(变化率3%),对渗透率的影响相对明显(平均变化率8%),且喉道越小,影响越大。在高温条件下(170℃),压力因素引起孔隙度和渗透率的下降幅度要大于单一温度的影响,岩石孔隙度的变化主要受初始孔隙空间大小及泥质含量的控制,而高温条件对岩石的渗透率降低有抑制作用。实验岩石表现出的温度及压力敏感特性主要受岩石刚性颗粒含量及胶结强度的控制。     

锂渣高性能混凝土的性能与微观结构

锂渣是新疆特有的工业废渣,为了寻求其利用,采用锂渣来配制高性能混凝土。从力学、抗裂、收缩性能与微观结构等方面探究其增强、抗裂机理。试验结果表明:锂渣的最大掺量不宜超过45%;随着掺量的增加,收缩率增加不明显,但都较空白组要小;当掺量在20%~30%时,其力学、抗裂性能较好;锂渣掺入混凝土后,细化了混凝土的凝胶孔,提高其密实度;且在混凝土中形成了一定量的AFt,改善了其抗裂、力学性能。     

A Dependent-Chance Programming Model for Proactive Scheduling

Proactive scheduling based on expected value model is an effective method to develop robust schedules in consideration of minimizing project cost caused by deviations between realized and planed activity starting times.However,these schedules may be realized with low probabilities.In this paper,a novel model based on dependent-chance programming(DCP) is proposed,considering probability as well as solution robustness.A hybrid intelligent algorithm integrating stochastic simulation and genetic algorithm(GA)is designed to solve the proposed model.Moreover,a numerical example is conducted to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model and the algorithm.