新型银-二氧化硅核-壳型复合纳米粒子的合成与表征

利用正四甲氧基硅在微乳液介质中的水解反应合成新型银 -二氧化硅核 -壳型复合纳米粒子 .通过化学反应调控 ,直径为 5～ 1 0 nm的金属银纳米粒子可以以单核或多核形式嵌入并分布于球型二氧化硅粒子中 .透射电子显微镜照片表明 ,该复合粒子具有高度均匀的粒径分布 .     

反胶束、W/O微乳液的特性及其萃取机理

概述了反胶束、W／O微乳液的定义和特性;介绍了反胶束、W／O微乳液萃取金属离子的三种机理．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合的研究

在70℃,以过硫酸钾(KPS)和亚硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系作为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)进行微乳液共聚合,成功制得了固含量为35％、平均粒径在45nm左右的蓝色半透明微乳液．进一步考察了引发剂及乳化剂用量对微乳液粒子粒径的影响;深入研究了微乳液的粒子形态、粒径大小及其分布和微乳液流变性能．     

Review on aggregation of acid extractants in solvent extraction of metal ions: remark on the general model

The aggregation behavior of various acid extractants in the solvent extraction systems of metal ions is re-examined and explained according to knowledge obtained in recent work. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Complexes formed by the extractants and metal ions can form reversed micelles in organic diluents, depending on the microstructures of the complexes. The dimers of the acid extractant cannot percolate to the metal-extractant aggregates, and the acid-salt complexes are always formed in the aggregates. The reversed micelles or the W/O microemulsions formed by different species cannot be associated with each other to form a unified aggregate. (2) In solvent extraction systems, hydration of the extractants and metal ions can be considered as the driving force of forming reversed micelles. (3) Information of the first approach to the insight of the bicontinuous microemulsion of NaDEHP shows that various components in the aqueous phase behave confined and very similar to the typical AOT/n-heptane W/O microemulsions. (4) In the extraction of lanthanide ions by the W/O microemulsion of sodium naphthenate, the saponification is a process of forming reversed micelle or W/O microemulsion, while the extraction step is a process of destroying reversed micelles or W/O microemulsion droplets.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯可聚合微乳液体系的研究

分别采用电导率仪、粘度计和折射仪测定了不同类型微乳液的结构变化.结果表明,在固定甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸(AA)混合单体量的情况下,随着水相含量的增加,体系的电导率、粘度和折射率发生明显变化,体系由反相微乳液经双连续型微乳液逐渐转变为正相微乳液.对微乳液的粒度分析表明,油相含量较低时,正相微乳液体系中的液滴可视作溶胀胶束;在反相微乳液中,随着十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液含量的增加,水相液滴粒径明显增大;在MMA/AA/H2O无皂反相微乳液体系中,微乳液的粒子比有皂体系的大.最后,微乳液聚合表明过硫酸钾能够稳定引发正相微乳液聚合,同时Mn3+也可用于引发正相微乳液聚合.     

微乳法制备均匀分散的PbCrO4纳米发光椭球

采用水 (溶液 ) /TritonX 10 0 /环己烷 /正戊醇的微乳体系 ,分别配制Pb(NO3 ) 2 和K2 CrO4微乳液 ,经充分反应后 ,成功制备出分散均匀的纳米PbCrO4椭球 .利用透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、X射线衍射 (XRD)对产物的形貌、尺寸、结构进行了表征 ;在不同的微乳体系中 ,通过傅立叶变换远红外光谱 (FT IR)、紫外可见光谱 (UV Vis)、荧光光谱 (PL)对产物的光学性质进行了研究 .     

PVP对十二烷基甜菜碱/正戊醇/正庚烷O/W型微乳液性质的影响

研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）存在时，由两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱（C12BE）/正戊醇（C5OH）/正庚烷（C6H16）和NaCl组成的O/W型微乳液的黏度、Ph、界面张力及形成热效应的变化，结果表明，加入PVP后，微乳液的黏出现电站效应；PH值呈下降趋势，但PVP的分子量不同，PH值下降的幅度不同；PVP的存在，导致微乳液与油相的界面张力稍有升高；微量热测定结果表明，PVP的存在导致微乳液的热效应减少。     

用油包水型微乳液法制备超细硫酸钡颗粒

纳米颗粒的制备是一个重要的纳米技术。利用油包水型微乳液法成功制备了硫酸钡纳米颗粒。研究了表面活性剂种类、表面活性剂用量、反应物浓度对超细颗粒大小的影响。实验结果表明:微乳液法制备的纳米颗粒直径大约都在10～90nm之间,且分布窄,单分散性好。实验发现:使用TritonX-100(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)做表面活性剂比Tween80(聚环氧乙烷失水山梨醇单油酸酯)和Span80(失水山梨醇单油酸酯)合适;而且随着表面活性剂用量增加,超细硫酸钡直径变小,但随着反应物浓度的上升颗粒直径增大。最适工艺条件为:55mL环己烷/30mLTritonX-100/15mL正己醇/10mL0.1mol/L氯化钡溶液。     

Formation of calcium phosphate mineral materialcontrolled by microemulsion

In order to prepare calcium phosphate-based material with nano-structure and bioactivity, natural lecithin and n-tetradecane were used as the amphipile and the oil phase respectively, along with the water phase, to form a microemulsion template. Phosphate mineralization was induced and controlled by the microemulsion. The products, characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, are composed of lecithin and hydroxyapatite, and possess the nano-structure of sticks, balls and three-dimensional nets connected by tubes. These results show that the microemulsion can be used to control calcium phosphate mineralization for the preparation of biomimetic mineral materials with various nano-structures.     

PbI_2纳米超微粒的制备与表征

讨论了ＰｂＩ＿２超微粒的二种化学制备方法，并用紫外－可见光谱、光电子能谱、Ｘ光小角散射等手段对其进行了表征。