以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型的玛咖功效评价

先对玛咖进行脱油、水提、冻干,再将所得水提物冻干品与Escherichia coli OP50菌液进行混合,稀释至终质量浓度为1,2mg/mL.以秀丽隐杆线虫(简称线虫)为模型,考察玛咖水提物对线虫的抗氧化作用:经寿命、产卵、吞咽、运动能力实验表明,玛咖水提物对线虫无明显毒性作用,且1,2mg/mL玛咖水提物均能显著延长线虫寿命;由玛咖水提物对线虫热激氧化压力诱导表明,玛咖水提物对线虫体外热激氧化压力有保护作用;通过油红O对脂肪染色表明,玛咖水提物具有一定降脂功效.     

Interaction of SynaptotagminⅠ with Phospholipid Membrane: A Monolayer Study

IntroductionSynaptotagmin is a family of vesicletransmembrane proteins present in synapticvesicles and large secretary granules of neuronsand endocrine cells[1 ] .It is a major constituent ofsynaptic vesicle membranes,comprising7% 8%of the total vesicle protein,characterized by ashort intravesiclar N-terminus,a singletransmembrane region,and a long plasmicdomain.　The best-charaterized form of synaptotagmin,syt ,is found abundantly in rostrol brain.Syt was first described in 1 981 [2 ] ,and i…     

Age-related lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland of mussels: The role of the antioxidant defence systems

Summary The main cellular defence systems against free radical-mediated oxidative stress are significantly reduced in the dige⁺ive gland of aged (>10 years old) compared to younger (2–4 years old) mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Moreover, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) is increased in the same age group with respect to younger animals. The obtained data indicate that an impairment of the antioxidant defence systems would render the older animals more susceptible to peroxidative stress, thus supporting the general significance of the free radical theory of aging.     

Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in rat liver and heart

Summary Chronic ethanol administration was shown to increase catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase activities in rat myocardium but did not alter the activity of liver peroxisomal enzymes. As a result of alcohol consumption a 2–3-fold increase in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in the heart tissue while in the liver the induction was much less pronounced.     

Alternative exon usage selectively determines both tissue distribution and subcellular localization of the acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 gene products

Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and coenzyme A. Recent studies have demonstrated that one gene named Acot7, reported to be mainly expressed in brain and testis, is transcribed in several different isoforms by alternative usage of first exons. Strongly decreased levels of ACOT7 activity and protein in both mitochondria and cytosol was reported in patients diagnosed with fatty acid oxidation defects, linking ACOT7 function to regulation of fatty acid oxidation in other tissues. In this study, we have identified five possible first exons in mouse Acot7 (Acot7a–e) and show that all five first exons are transcribed in a tissue-specific manner. Taken together, these data show that the Acot7 gene is expressed as multiple isoforms in a tissue-specific manner, and that expression in tissues other than brain and testis is likely to play important roles in fatty acid metabolism. Received 5 February 2007: received after revision 3 April 2007; accepted 19 April 2007     

长期有氧运动对肥胖青少年血糖、血脂及体重的影响

分析长期有氧运动对肥胖青少年血糖、血脂及体重的影响,选择参加某减肥夏令营、不经常锻炼的120个体脂率大于30%的肥胖青少年作为研究对象,受试者进入减肥夏令营后需进行5周全封闭式营养干预与运动干预,所有受试者一周运动6 d,每天上午和下午分别进行2 h的有氧运动,在正式运动前需进行10 min的准备活动,在运动结束后需进行约15 min的整理活动。结果经5周有氧运动后不同性别受试者体重均有所降低,说明长期有氧运动可有效减少肥胖青少年脂肪,降低肥胖青少年体重;肥胖青少年血糖指标均降低,原本异常的受试者血糖水平降低至正常水平,说明长期有氧运动能够有效降低血糖,减少并发糖尿病的危险性;同时,长期有氧运动对改善肥胖青少年血脂水平有明显的效果。     

正交试验法优化阿昔洛韦固体纳米粒的处方

采用正交试验法筛选阿昔洛韦固体脂质纳米粒最优处方。利用(W/O/W)复乳-超声法制备阿昔洛韦固体脂质纳米粒,以包封率为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计筛选出最优处方。单硬脂酸甘油酯用量1.5%、大豆卵磷脂用量0.4%、泊洛沙姆188浓度2%、油相与内水相体积比(Vo/V)i 6。正交试验优化阿昔洛韦固体纳米粒处方有效、可行。     

利用基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像技术研究斑马鱼响应富营养化污染水质内源性脂质分子变化

斑马鱼作为一种常见的模式物种,体内易富集水中污染物,常用于农药、有机物等污染水质监测与评估,但其响应富营养化水质污染的分子机制尚不明确.基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spec-trometry imaging,MALDI-MSI)能有效检测和反映分子空间分布及原位含量信息,已被广泛应用于动植物学、基础医学、药学、微生物等诸多研究领域.采用MALDI-MSI技术,针对富营养化污染水质环境下斑马鱼内源性脂质代谢分子开展原位分析表征;利用多元统计学方法和相关性分析整合数据;进一步挖掘有效关键信息,旨在从脂质分子层面上初步揭示斑马鱼响应富营养化污染水质的相关分子变化规律.研究结果显示:在m/z 500～1000的质量检测范围内,富营养化水质处理组和未处理组斑马鱼有超过50％原位检测的脂质分子存在明显表达与空间分布差异.主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、偏最小二乘法判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)及皮尔逊相关聚类热图分析(pearson correlation cluster heatmap analysis)进一步证实了上述差异结果,且统计发现磷脂分子的表达受富营养化污染水质的干扰尤为突出,主要包括PC(32:0)、PC(34:1)、PC(34:2)、PC(36:0)、PC(38:6)、PC(40:6)、PE(36:8)、PE(36:0)、PE(38:0)、PE(40:9)共10种脂质分子.研究结果为进一步深度探究斑马鱼响应富营养化污染水质体内脂质代谢分子机制奠定了一定的实验基础,也证实了MALDI-MSI作为一种新型分子影像技术应用于生态/环境毒理学监测、评估研究的潜在价值.     

甘蓝磷酯酶D HKD2功能区基因片段的克隆与反义表达载体的构建

以甘蓝(Brassiaca oleracea)为材料，取幼叶分离mRNA，反转录合成cDNA，以cDNA第一链为模板，通过PCR扩增，获得甘蓝磷酯酶D(Phosphorate　Lipid　Dehydrolase，PLD)HKD2功能区的基因片段．对其进行Blast分析，结果表明，分离的目的片段核苷酸序列与Genbank中报道的甘蓝PLD基因相比同源率为99．7％，只有2个碱基发生改变．将得到的PLD基因片段插入植物表达载体pAT940，构建了PLD基因反义表达载体pATC—rPLD，为下一步进行抗逆转基因作物选育打下基础．     

Sphingolipids in mammalian cell signalling

Sphingolipids and their metabolites, ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are involved in a variety of cellular processes including differentiation, cellular senescence, apoptosis and proliferation. Ceramide is the main second messenger, and is produced by sphingomyelinase-induced hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and by de novo synthesis. Many stimuli, e.g. growth factors, cytokines, G protein-coupled receptor agonists and stress (UV irradiation) increase cellular ceramide levels. Sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane is located primarily in the outer (extracellular) leaflet of the bilayer, whilst sphingomyelinases are found at the inner (cytosolic) face and within lysosomes/endosomes. Such cellular compartmentalisation restricts the site of ceramide production and subsequent interaction with target proteins. Glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin together with cholesterol are major components of specialised membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts, which are involved in receptor aggregation and immune responses. Many signalling molecules, for example Src family tyrosine kinases and glycosylinositolphosphate-anchored proteins, are associated with rafts, and disruption of these domains affects cellular responses such as apoptosis. Sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate derived from ceramide are also signalling molecules. In particular, sphingosine-1-phosphate is involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate can act both extracellularly through endothelial-differentiating gene (EDG) family G protein-coupled receptors and intracellularly through direct interactions with target proteins. The importance of sphingolipid signalling in cardiovascular development has been reinforced by recent reports implicating EDG receptors in the regulation of embryonic cardiac and vascular morphogenesis. Received 16 May 2001; received after revision 29 June 2001; accepted 3 July 2001