镉对斑马鱼卵巢的毒性效应和子代响应

为探讨重金属镉慢性暴露对斑马鱼卵巢的毒性效应及子代响应,将斑马鱼暴露于0,0.062,0.124,0.248,0.620,1.240 mg/L 6个镉体积质量.暴露21 d后,以脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量、卵巢组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平、过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平为终点评价慢性镉暴露对斑马鱼卵巢的毒性效应;以子代受精率、孵化率和96 h幼鱼体长为终点评价慢性镉暴露下斑马鱼的子代响应.结果表明:MDA含量随镉浓度的增加而显著升高,抗氧化防御体系被抑制.当ρ(Cd)≥0.248 mg/L时,子代的受精率和孵化率显著降低;当ρ(Cd)≥1.240 mg/L时,斑马鱼不育;当ρ(Cd)≥0.620 mg/L时,子代斑马鱼孵化失败.孵化成功后的幼鱼96 h体长随镉浓度的增加而显著降低.     

斑马鱼在水质监测预警中的研究进展及应用

利用生物监测可以弥补传统理化方法难以直接和全面反映水质对环境综合毒性效应的不足。斑马鱼(Danio rerio)因其特有的优势被国际标准组织(ISO)推荐为河水毒性试验鱼种并也制定了相应的标准。本文从行为学、毒理学和分子生物学几方面综述近年来国内外利用斑马鱼进行水质监测预警的研究进展,以期为利用斑马鱼更加灵敏、准确、快速地检验水质污染对生物综合毒性提供理论支撑,推动斑马鱼在水质监测预警中的应用。     

镜湖富营养化污染及其治理的初步研究Ⅱ--镜湖水体污染现状评述

对镜湖水质富营养化的研究结果表明,镜湖水体溶氧丰富,五日生化需氧量(BOD5) 、化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、叶绿素a(Chla)严重超标.对单项污染指数(Ii)、卡尔森富营养化指标(TSI)的测算和评价也表明镜湖水体处于富营养化状态 .本文并提出了治理的初步措施.     

Engineering Practice for in Situ Repair of Polluted Water in Urban Lakes: the Example of Shuanglong Lake

阐述了双龙湖治理前水体富营养化污染状况及原因,介绍了双龙湖原位修复综合治理措施(如环湖截污、湖底生态清淤、复氧措施、边坡护理、湖滨带生态重建与景观恢复、后期监管等措施)。对原位修复综合治理措施实施后湖水净化效果进行了研究,结果表明:原位修复综合治理措施是治理双龙湖水体富营养化的有效措施,能够为国内外城市湖泊富营养化治理提供方法和技术借鉴。     

基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱成像研究进展

正质谱成像技术包括二次离子质谱(SIMS)、激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、解吸吸附电喷雾离子化(DESI)和基质辅助激光解吸电离(MALDI)等几种方法。这里主要介绍的是以MALDI为基础的成像技术。基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(MALDI-MSI)能够用于显示样品组织切片中各种化合物或生物分子的空间分布,是分析原位生物样品中的分子分布或不同组织状态之间组     

宁夏腾格里湖水质及富营养化现状分析与评价

为探明宁夏腾格里湖水质及富营养化状况,于2015～2017年冬(1月)、春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月)采集水样,分析了透明度、叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷、浮游植物等水质指标。采用灰关联法对腾格里湖水质进行评价。采用综合营养状态指数(TLI)法和浮游植多样性指数法对其富营养化现状进行分析和评价。结果表明,腾格里湖水体达到了一定程度的污染,春、冬季为Ⅲ类水,夏、秋季为Ⅳ类水,且季节变化明显:营养状态指数(TLI)夏、秋季最高,夏、秋季为中度富营养化;其次是春季,春季均为轻度富营养; Shannon-Wiener指数(H')和Margalef指数(D)评价表明水体均受到不同程度的污染,夏季污染程度最高。腾格里湖水体已达到富营养化状态,需引起关注并采取相关治理措施。     

核酸酶I-SceI介导的转基因斑马鱼构建及连接蛋白Connexin48.5的定位研究

细胞连接蛋白是由多基因家族编码的一类结构相似、分子质量不同的蛋白质.在细胞膜上,每6个相同或不同的连接蛋白围绕中央孔排列形成一个连接子,相邻细胞膜上的连接子相互对接形成细胞间隙连接,细胞间隙连接是一种重要的通讯连接,它不仅是细胞间代谢偶联、冲动传导的结构基础,而且可以通过介导与细胞的迁移、分化、增生和器官形成有关的信号物质而在胚胎发育中起重要作用.为了进一步探讨细胞间隙连接在生物体中的作用,采用斑马鱼胚胎显微注射核酸酶I-SceI和质粒DNA的方法成功构建了绿色荧光蛋白GFP与细胞连接蛋白Connexin48.5融合表达的转基因荧光斑马鱼品系,并通过对荧光蛋白发光的观察在斑马鱼鱼体中进行连接蛋白Connexin48.5的定位.实验结果表明:核酸酶I-SceI介导下的斑马鱼转基因方法效率较高,可行性好;连接蛋白Connexin48.5在斑马鱼体内主要定位于眼球晶状体和脊索.所获得的Connexin48.5-GFP融合表达斑马鱼系,以及利用该品系进行的Connexin48.5定位研究对细胞连接蛋白在生物体内的功能研究将具有重要作用.     

镉对转基因斑马鱼的急性毒性效应

采用转基因斑马鱼T_g(lyz:EGFP)-Lyz fish为模型,探讨了重金属镉对转基因斑马鱼的胚胎毒性和免疫毒性.结果表明,相比空白对照组,0.1μM和1μM CdCl_2对斑马鱼胚胎产生一定的毒性影响,并促进溶菌酶(lysozyme C,lyz)标记的斑马鱼体内的中性粒细胞的荧光表达.随着CdCl_2浓度的增加,24 h血流障碍、56 h死亡数和56 h孵化抑制等指标均呈现递增趋势;在CdCl_2诱导下的斑马鱼仔鱼体内的中性粒细胞增多并向发生炎症部位分布,主要趋向于肝脏部位聚集.因此,本研究对转基因斑马鱼在环境污染物的免疫毒性检测方面有着重要意义.     

实验室指标联合测定在肺栓塞诊断中的应用

目的:探讨血浆中D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive Protein,CRP)、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIB)与肺泡-动脉压差A-aDO2的检测对肺栓塞(Pulmonary Embolism,PE)的诊断价值.方法:检测50例正常对照组、106例患者(包括18例PE患者)体内DD、CRP、FIB含量与A-aDO2.结果:18例PE患者体内DD与对照组、其他患者组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其他患者组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);18例PE患者体内CRP与对照组、其他患者组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其他患者组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);18例PE患者体内FIB与对照组、其他患者组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其他患者组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);18例PE患者A-aDO2与对照组、其他患者组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其他患者组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:血浆中DD、CRP、FIB与A-aDO2联合检测对PE的早期诊断具有较好的应用价值.     

基于DESI-MSI技术和斑马鱼模式动物研究异甜菊醇类化合物的血脑屏障通透性

目的:本研究利用解析电喷雾电离质谱成像(DESI-MSI)技术和斑马鱼模式动物分析异甜菊醇类化合物的血脑屏障通透性,并分析其对神经细胞的抗缺氧保护作用.方法:以异甜菊醇钠(STVNa)及其衍生物(K-9)为目标小分子化合物,以斑马鱼为实验动物,通过浸泡给药,冷冻切片,利用DESI-MSI技术分析目标化合物在斑马鱼体内的组织分布,研究化合物的入脑情况;用OGD/R细胞模型检测其抗缺氧神经细胞保护活性.结果:质谱成像结果显示STVNa及K-9的离子信号在斑马鱼体内分布不同,前者整体分布较为均匀,后者更集中于眼部、脑部、腹鳍、尾鳍等特定器官或部位.细胞活性结果显示K-9具备不逊于STVNa的抗缺氧再灌注的神经细胞保护活性.结论:利用DESI-MSI技术和斑马鱼模式动物研究异甜菊醇类化合物的血脑屏障通透性,可为中枢神经药物研发初筛提供方法参考.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.