“黑麦草-水稻”草田轮作系统的根际效应3.黑麦草根系对土壤生物性状的影响

在证实冬种黑麦草改善土壤理化性状的同时,研究对土壤生物性状的影响,结果表明：冬种黑麦草增加了土壤酶的活性,使脲酶活性提高了２．７５倍,转化酶活性提高了９２．６％;土壤微生物生物量增加１３倍;改善了土壤的微生物区系,细菌数量增加１．２倍,放线菌数量增加３．４倍,真菌数量下降了４４％．这些生物性状的改善,对提高地力和后作水稻的生长和发育具有良好的作用．     

关于中医色光疗法机理的植物神经模型

本文通过分析现代医学对阴阳原理和气功的最新研究,总结出阴阳与植物神经系统功能的对应关系;结合中医色光疗法对阴阳诸证的辨证医治,提出了中医色光疗法机理的植物神经模型：绿色、蓝色、紫色等冷色兴奋副交感神经系统,红色、橙色、黄色等暖色兴奋交感神经系统．该模型不但成功地用于解释现代科学关于色觉的研究成果,而且填补了色觉理论的人类证据这一空白．该模型还成功地用于解释现代科学关于色彩生理学和色彩心理学的研究成果．我们相信,本文为中医色光疗法的进一步的临床应用提供了理论依据．     

小尺寸金属系统电导率的计算

运用量子统计要函数方法和久保公式分别计算一维金属线、二维金属薄膜的杂质散射电导率,计算结果表 尺寸金属系统的电导率跟金属系统上有关,具有量子尺寸效应。     

Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health

Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain.     

Ecological long-term effects of cultigens becoming feral and of naturalization of non-native species

Transgenic cultigens may become feral as we know of some non-transgenic cultigens. The article explains two basic ways how cultigens become feral: through hybridization with a closely related wild plant and through revert to the wild-type. A long list of examples of cultigens becoming feral in Central Europe is presented. The process of becoming feral is compared to the naturalization of non-native species (Exotic Species Model). Ecological long-term effects of both cultigens becoming feral and non-native species being naturalized are discussed with special regard to the predictability of such events. The ecological aspects discussed in the article are as significant for transgenic cultigens as for non-transgenic cultigens.     

Triphasic vascular effects of thiol compounds and their oxidized forms on dog coronary arteries

The vascular effects of 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine, L-cysteine, glutathione (GSH), cystamine and oxidized GSH (GSSG) on the isometric tension of isolated dog coronary arterial strips were examined, and these effects were compared with the triphasic response induced by dithiothreitol (DTT); a rapid and weak contraction (phase A), an intervening slow relaxation (phase B) and a slowly-developing strong contraction (phase C) which we previously reported. The responses of the arteries induced by 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine and L-cysteine consisted of phases A, B and C. The order of contractile potency (ED₅₀ of phase C) was DTTL-cysteine>2-mercaptoethanolcysteamine, while the order of relaxant potency (ED₅₀ of phase B) was DTT>cysteamine2-mercaptoethanol. GSSG and cystamine mainly produced relaxation, which corresponded to phase B. The phase C contraction was specific to the reduced forms of thiols, except for GSH, which produced only relaxation. The participation of endothelial cells was not essential for the contracting or relaxing effects of the thiol compounds. The phase C contraction was depressed by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, while phase A was not. Therefore calmodulin-dependent protein kinases may participate in phase C, not in phase A.     

微极流体润滑条件下能量方程的推导及应用

为考察微极流体的热流体动力润滑特性,根据微极流体的基本理论和能量守恒与转换定律,推导了微极流体的能量方程;依据其润滑条件假设,得出了润滑条件下微极流体的能量方程的简化形式.以有限长滑动轴承为例,将所推导的能量方程与微极流体的雷诺方程和轴瓦热传导方程联立进行数值求解,得到油膜及轴瓦的温度分布.结果表明:采用微极性流体润滑,其油膜及轴瓦的温度均比采用牛顿流体有所升高,流体的微极性越强,温度升高越明显.     

从写作和阅读的关系看写作对阅读的影响

阅读和写作是语言学习者要掌握的两项重要技能。然而,在目前的非英语专业教学中,阅读往往比写作更受重视。写作似乎不是一门独立的课程,而成了综合英语或阅读课的附属物。研究者认为阅读对写作有着极大的影响,大量阅读有助于提高写作能力,阅读课中教授写作知识也能提高学习者的写作能力。毋庸置疑,通过阅读来教写作是一种好方法。但是有关专家对写作和阅读关系的研究成果表明:两者相互依赖,相互影响,又相对独立。这说明写作有它独特的魅力,对阅读也有着不可忽视的影响。只有全面了解阅读和写作的相互作用,才能更好地把阅读和写作融合在一起,同时提高学生的阅读能力和写作能力。     

邻苯二甲酸酯对海洋藻类的致毒效应

采用评价化学药品对藻类毒性的标准方法，对邻苯二甲酸醋与海洋藻类的相互影响进行探讨．通过对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙醋(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁醋(DBP)海洋藻类的致毒试验，分别得出此3种物质对三角褐指藻、盐藻、等边金藻、中肋骨条藻48h、96h的半致死浓度，探讨了上述几种海洋藻类对DMP、DEP、DBP的忍受限度．     

考虑端部效应的铁磁梁式板磁力摄动分析

基于磁场摄动技术和广义变分原理得到的磁力公式,对铁磁梁式板在斜磁场作用下的磁场和磁力摄动展开研究,给出了斜磁场作用下铁磁梁式板结构的摄动磁场及其磁力摄动表达式,使得解析分析斜磁场作用下铁磁梁式板磁弹性耦合问题成为可能。研究表明:只有考虑了磁场端部效应的斜磁场磁力摄动公式才能模拟铁磁结构的弯曲模式且能够定性揭示铁磁简支梁式板弯曲构形为双半波形。