Behaviors and interactions of strengthening and constraint for ductile Nbss matrix in Nb–Si based alloys

The ductile matrix in composites could be strengthened by incorporating brittle inclusions, while the constraint effect for matrix would become more obvious and detrimental to material toughening. The balance between strengthening and toughening was crucial to achieve excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Upon the basis of microstructure of Nb–Si in situ composites, a unit rectangular cell containing elastic and isotropic Nb₅Si₃ particles was modeled, the Niobium solid solution (Nb_ss) matrix according with the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive relation was recognized as elastic-plastic. For Nb–Si based alloys, the effects of volume fractions of Nb₅Si₃ reinforcements, stress states and interfacial characteristics on the stress-strain field, flow localization and damage evolution were investigated by the finite element method (FEM). Further, the normalized work of rupture (χ) was calculated quantitatively as a function of volume fractions of Nb₅Si₃ phase as well as yield strength of Nb_ss matrix. These results would contribute to acquire more fundamental understanding of the strengthening and constraint effects which were exerted by Nb₅Si₃ reinforcements to ductile Nb_ss matrix, also an instructive guidance for the optimum design of Nb–Si based alloys.     

粘钢加固损伤混凝土箱型桥墩的抗震性能Ⅰ:双向拟静力试验

设计制作了11个钢筋混凝土箱型截面桥墩缩尺模型,对其进行了粘钢加固后的双向拟静力试验,分析了加固桥墩的荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性能力、刚度退化和耗能能力等.结果表明,加固墩柱均发生以弯曲破坏为主的延性破坏,破坏塑性铰由未加固时的墩底上移至加固钢板位置的上边缘,加固后墩柱各项抗震性能良好,表明粘钢加固损伤桥墩是一种有效的抗震加固方式.墩柱强轴方向的滞回环饱满,承载力和刚度较大;弱轴方向的滞回环捏缩效应显著,耗能能力较强.初始损伤程度仅对粘钢加固墩柱的刚度退化及耗能能力具有一定影响.随着轴压比的增大,加固试件的承载力变大,极限变形能力降低,延性能力和耗能能力均增强.而随着长细比的减小,加固试件的承载力变大,极限变形能力降低,刚度退化情况严重.     

L形FRP粘贴法加固混凝土框架梁负弯矩区试验研究

提出了一种混凝土框架梁负弯矩区受弯性能加固的L形FRP片材粘贴加固法,该方法利用角钢实现FRP在梁柱阴角处的转向锚固.通过6个足尺框架梁柱边节点试件的单向静力加载和低周反复加载试验,对比了利用L形FRP粘贴加固法和规范建议FRP粘贴加固法加固后梁的破坏形态、受弯承载力、刚度、延性、耗能能力等性能指标.试验结果表明,粘贴L形FRP片材加固后,梁根部FRP与试件相应位置截面在加载过程中变形协调,应变关系基本符合平截面假定.低周反复荷载作用下,梁受弯承载力和刚度的提高幅度与静力荷载作用下几乎相同,表明L形FRP粘贴加固法中的锚固装置完全限制了阴角处FRP片材从被加固体基面上法向剥离的位移趋势,使得加固效果更加稳定.     

混杂纤维增强木梁强度的弹塑性分析方法

为更准确地分析混杂纤维增强复合材料（HYbrid FiberReinforced Polymer,HFRP）增强木梁的强度,选用双折线弹塑性木材本构关系,建立增强木梁的极限承载力计算模型。根据本模型可得到增强梁的中和轴高度、极限弯矩和极限承载力。选用已发表文献的数据作为模型输入得到的计算值与实验的实测值基本符合,差异在．13％～5％之间。     

纳米流体应用于电场强化传热的试验研究

通过在电场强化换热技术基础上应用纳米颗粒技术,向换热工质纯变压器油中添加不同浓度的纳米颗粒,在同一热流密度、不同电场电压下进行试验,发现在试验范围内,当施加电压达到44kV时,达到最大换热系数270．3w／（m^2·K）,与纯变压器油电场强化自然对流换热相比,其最大强化系数为2．49．强化机理归结于颗粒受电场力作用在流体中产生的扰动所致．     

薄板坯连铸连轧铁素体+珠光体类型钢的强化与软化

根据钢的综合强化理论,控制A1附近温度下钢中碳的析出,研究了HSLC钢的强化与软化问题。结果表明：薄板坯连铸连轧HSLC钢,强度还可进一步提高;通过回火缓冷,薄板坯连铸连轧HSLC钢ZJ330的σs从344 MPa降至225 MPa,能满足冷轧基板要求。讨论了有关铁素体轧制、超细晶粒钢以及一种可能的新型建筑材料等问题。     

既有桥梁维修加固改造方案决策研究

针对现行桥梁加固改造方案优选方法上的不足,考虑既有桥梁加固改造工程的特点,建立了既有桥梁加固改造方案评价指标体系,应用模糊理论中的模糊综合评价方法,建立多级多目标模糊综合评价模型,结合工程实例——京港澳高速公路漯河枢纽跨线桥,评价其加固改造方案的优劣程度,求得最佳加固改造方案.     

聚氧乙烯单甲醚改性聚酰胺-胺的造纸助留增强性能

采用Michael加成反应制备了聚氧乙烯单甲醚(MPEO-A-1000)改性的聚酰胺一胺树形聚合物(MnG,n=4.0,5.0),研究了该MnG及其与阴离子聚丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸钠改性的聚酰胺-胺树形聚合物复配的助留增强体系在阔叶木浆料中所起到的助留和增强效果.结果表明:M4.0G及其与丙烯酸钠改性的聚酰胺-胺树形聚合物复配的双元助留体系的纸样助留率和物理强度均比空白纸样明显提高.     

外包钢加固对框架结构地震响应的影响

为研究外包钢加固对框架结构质量、刚度、周期的影响,结合具体的工程实例,采用有限元程序SAP2000,对加固后某5层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行弹塑性分析。研究结果表明,外包钢加固会引起构件内力的重分布,弹性状态下形成刚度软弱层,抗震设计时,应从构件截面和结构整体变形两个方面来评价加固后整体结构的抗震性能。     

低活化铁素体/马氏体钢的增强机理研究进展

This review summarizes the strengthening mechanisms of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels. High-angle grain boundaries, subgrain boundaries, nano-sized M₂₃C₆, and MX carbide precipitates effectively hinder dislocation motion and increase high-temperature strength. M₂₃C₆ carbides are easily coarsened under high temperatures, thereby weakening their ability to block dislocations. Creep properties are improved through the reduction of M₂₃C₆ carbides. Thus, the loss of strength must be compensated by other strengthening mechanisms. This review also outlines the recent progress in the development of RAFM steels. Oxide dispersion-strengthened steels prevent M₂₃C₆ precipitation by reducing C content to increase creep life and introduce a high density of nano-sized oxide precipitates to offset the reduced strength. Severe plastic deformation methods can substantially refine subgrains and MX carbides in the steel. The thermal deformation strengthening of RAFM steels mainly relies on thermo-mechanical treatment to increase the MX carbide and subgrain boundaries. This procedure increases the creep life of TMT(thermo-mechanical treatment) 9Cr–1W–0.06Ta steel by ~20 times compared with those of F82H and Eurofer 97 steels under 550°C/260 MPa.