钼系,钼铋系和三元钼铋基氧化物上氧吸附物种的EPR研究

研究了一元MoO_3/SiO_2体系中新电氧物种O~-和O_2~-的形成,说明气相氧和晶格氧都能产生这类氧物种,二元体系MoO_3-Bi_2O_3/SiO_2上丙烯催化氧化的选择性随着O~-、O_2~-自旋浓度的降低而提高的实验事实说明O~-、O_2~-是导致非选择性氧化的表面物种.在MoO_3-Bi_2O_3/SiO_2中添加磷组份可能促进氧吸附态的转化O_2?O_?~-?2O?2O~(2-)(晶格)向右进行,因而提高反应的选择性,铁作为第三组份引入时,可使体系中产生氧化还原偶Fe~(3 )/Fe~(2 ),这有利于提高丙烯氧化的选择性。     

固体催化剂酸强度及其分布的研究

利用胺滴定法在Ｈ０为＋５．０－－８．２范围的环已烷溶液中观察吸附的Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂的颜色变化，选用ＰＫα值不同的几种指示剂，测出不同酸强度下的固体催化剂酸量，作出酸强度分布曲线，探讨了其规律性。     

降低NEPE推进剂压力指数的研究

通过简易落球法测固化时间和用恒压靶线法测燃速,对固体含量为73％的NEPE推进剂进行了燃速催化剂的筛选研究.从催化剂的使用期、相容性和降压力指数两方面进行了试验,获得了一种无机铅盐与一种有机铅盐分别与碳黑复合使用的复合催化剂,其使用期和相容性都可满足要求,并可使所试验配方的压力指数从0.82降至0.60.另一组含铅的复合催化剂可使NEPE推进剂燃速有明显提高.同时,对有关催化剂的作用机理进行了初步探索。     

新型相转移催化剂—溴化聚乙二醇基三辛基双季铵的合成

本文合成了新型相转移催化剂－溴化聚乙二醇基三辛基双季铵，该双季铵盐含有双季铵官能团，又有聚乙二醇基。并研究了它的相转移催化性能，获得满意结果。     

脂肪醇乙氧基化窄分布催化剂

介绍了近年来脂肪醇乙氧基化窄分布催化剂的研究进展，讨论了酸碱催化剂的催化机理，以及以碱土金属为主体的双组分、多组分催化体系在控制和窄化分子量分布方面的研究成果，同时简要评述了其发展趋势。     

超声沉淀法制备CuO-Fe_2O_3纳米粉体催化剂

采用超声沉淀法制备了标题纳米粉体催化剂 ,运用 XRD、IR、TEM等技术研究了粉体的组成 ,相结构、颗粒粒径及催化分解 H2 O2 活性 .结果表明 ,将超声辐射引入氧化物催化剂的沉淀法制备过程 ,可显著提高催化剂性能 .文中对其原因作了初步讨论 .     

甲醇脱氢制甲醛反应中碱金属难熔盐的催化性能研究

在16 mm陶瓷管固定床反应器中考察了甲醇脱氢制无水甲醛反应中几种含钠化合物及碱金属难熔盐的催化活性,表明陶瓷管也可做甲醇脱氢反应器;碱金属碳酸盐大都具有一定的催化活性,催化性能排序为:Na2CO3>K2CO3>Cs2CO3>Li2CO3,即含钠盐的催化活性较其它碱金属要高;钠的卤化物及硫化物的催化活性很低;钠的含氧酸盐在反应中的催化性能表现各异,其中Na2CO3、Na2B4O7和Na2MoO4的催化性能最好。     

Applications of M/N/C analogue catalysts in PEM fuel cells and metal-air/oxygen batteries: Status quo,challenges and perspectives

To meet the sharp increase in demand for clean and renewable energy, it is necessary to develop new energy-conversion and storage technologies, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal-air/oxygen batteries (MABs). Due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the cathodes of PEMFCs and MABs, significant amounts of precious metal catalysts need to be used, driving up the cost of fuel cells and MABs and thereby hindering their commercialization on a large scale. Transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbonaceous catalysts (M/N/C) have high catalytic activity towards the ORR and OER once the catalysts are modified with certain promoters/additives. In addition, M/N/C catalysts can be prepared from abundant, inexpensive materials, making their cost negligible compared with precious metal catalysts, a development that would efficiently decrease the cost of PEMFCs and MABs. In last decade, numerous researchers have attempted to realize these applications of M/N/C catalysts, and some exciting results have been achieved, making these promising replacements for precious metal catalysts. However, some serious problems and significant challenges remain. In this paper, we review the research on the application of M/N/C analogue catalysts in PEMFCs and MABs in the last 10 years, indicate the remaining challenges, and suggest the future research directions.     

Morphology controllable synthesis of Pd/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts and its structure-activity relationship in three-way catalytic performance

CeO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides with controlled morphologies (i.e., nanorod, nano-polyhedral and disordered shape) were synthesized through either hydrothermal or coprecipitation method, and the corresponding supported Pd/CeO₂–ZrO₂ catalysts were also prepared by conventional impregnation. The obtained catalysts were subjected to systematic structural/physio-chemical characterizations as well as three-way catalytic performance evaluations. The results showed that CeO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides presented different exposed crystal planes: namely disordered CZ-di mainly exposed (111) crystal planes, nanorod CZ-ro mainly exposed (111) crystal planes and few (100) crystal planes, while nano-polyhedral CZ-po exposed both (111) and (100) crystal planes. Clear structure-activity relationship could be demonstrated between the TWC (Three-way catalysts) performance of Pd/CeO₂–ZrO₂ and such different microstructures, as (100) and (111) crystal planes exposed by CZ-ro and CZ-po were beneficial for the surface oxygen vacancies formation, thus increasing the Pd-support interaction and effectively decreasing the light-off temperature of HC and NO elimination. On the other hand, the disordered CZ-di retained more lattice oxygen content, leading to better catalytic activity of CO elimination for the corresponding Pd/CZ-di catalyst.     

环境友好催化剂──沸石分子筛与有机反应

系统地论述了环境友好催化剂（EnvtironmentallyFriendlyCatalysts）的类型，一些常用沸石分子筛的结构、分子筛催化剂的制备方法以及它们在有机反应和有机合成中的应用。