3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵表面活性的研究

研究了３－烷氧基－２－羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵在不同温度下的表面张力,表面吸附和热力学函数的变化．     

不同电解液中钛合金电解等离子体抛光的对比分析

利用粗糙度仪、激光发射率测试仪、光学及电子显微镜等设备,对不同电解液体系中得到的钛合金试样表面的粗糙度及形貌进行了分析.结果表明:配方4电解液体系中得到的试样表面最为平整、镜面效果最好;配方1、2、3处理得到的膜层表面粗糙度也有较大的改善.     

超声波和AES对原油的降粘试验简

通过试验得到：在去离子水中掺入AES后,其表面张力系数显著降低了,AES的浓度越大,其表面张力越小.该溶液经超声波处理后：表面张力系数有一定的上升,超声波功率越大、作用时间越长,表面张力系数上升越大;随超声波作用时间的增加,该溶液的化学需氧量越来越小,但随作用时间的增加,下降的趋势变慢.掺入AES后,原油的粘度有了较大的降低,其降粘率超过了80％.超声波对掺入AES的原油作用后,原油的降粘率超过了92％.     

钨铜基电镀铝层阳极氧化后的组织和性能研究

采用直流草酸法对镀铝层进行阳极氧化,研究了氧化电压和氧化时间对氧化层表面形貌、组织结构及表面绝缘性的影响。采用金相显微镜对镀铝层和氧化层表面形貌进行观察,扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析镀铝层和氧化层的成分与结构,并对其硬度进行测试,探索钨铜箔片上制备氧化铝的最佳工艺。实验现象表明:经过阳极氧化处理后,氧化层表面致密平滑,由非晶Al2O3和Al相组成,电绝缘性能良好;氧化铝膜的硬度随着氧化时间呈现先增加后降低,最后趋于稳定的趋势;而氧化铝膜的硬度随着氧化电压增大而增大。当氧化电压控制在30 V,氧化时间在3-6 h时,最有利于氧化膜的形成,且膜厚呈增大趋势。     

EMG oscillator model-based energy kernel method for characterizing muscle intrinsic property under isometric contraction

This paper presents a new method for estimating the isometric contraction force and the characterization of muscle’s intrinsic property.The method,called the energy kernel method,starts with converting the electromyography(EMG)signal into planar phase portraits,on which the elliptic distribution of the state points is named as the energy kernel,while that formed by the noise signal is called the noise kernel.Based on such stochastic features of the phase portraits,we approximate the EMG signal within a rectangular window as a harmonic oscillator(EMG oscillator).The study establishes the relationship between the energy of control signal(EMG)and that of output signal(force/power),and a characteristic energy is proposed to estimate the muscle force.On the other hand,the natural frequencies of the noise and the EMG signal can be attained with the energy kernel and noise kernel.In this way,the direct signal–noise recognition and separation can be accomplished.The results show that the representativeness of the characteristic energy toward the force is satisfactory,and the method is very robust since it combines the advantages of both RMS and MPF.Moreover,the natural frequency of the EMG oscillator is not governed by the MU firing rate of a specific muscle,indicating that this frequency correlates with the intrinsic property of muscle.The physical meanings of the model provide new insights into the understanding of EMG.     

Formation of highly crystalline maghemite nanoparticles from ferrihydrite in the liquid phase

Fe5O7（OH）·4H2O ferrihydrite is a low-crystal- linity antiferromagnetic material, γ-Fe2O3 （maghemite） magnetic nanoparticles were prepared from a ferrihydrite precursor, by chemically induced transformation in FeCl2/ NaOH solution. The magnetization, morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of the products were determined by vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Ferrihydrite underwent aggregation growth and transformed into α-FeO（OH） （goethite） particles, which subsequently transformed into γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, that became coated with NaCI. The γ-Fe2O3 particles had a flake-like morphology, when prepared from 0.01 mol/L FeCl2 and a FeCl2：NaOH molar ratio of 0.4. The γ-Fe2O3 particles were more spherical, when prepared from a FeCl2：NaOH molar ratio of 0.6. The Fe content of the flake-like particles was lower than that of the spherical particles. Their magnetizations were similar, and the coercivity of the flake-like particles was larger. The differences in morphology and magnetization were attributed to the surface effect, and the difference in coercivity to the shape effect.     

Effects of baria on propane oxidation activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst: Pd–BaO interactio n and reaction routes

The BaO-modified Pd/Al2O3exhibits much better catalytic activity than Pd/Al2O3for C3H8 oxidation both before and after the hydrothermal aging treatment. Further studies ascribe its good activity to the influence of BaO species on the physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst and the reaction routes. Firstly, the BaO species inhibits the phase transformation of alumina, resulting in higher surface area of the catalysts and hereby a better dispersion of Pd. Secondly, the basic nature and electron-withdrawing effect of barium oxide maintain palladium at high oxidation state, which leads to a higher PdO content on surface of the BaO-modified catalyst. Finally, the formation/decomposition of carbonate/bicarbonate species can be promoted by the addition of BaO, which provide extra reaction routes and are important for the deep oxidation of C3H8.     

阳极Ta/Ta2O5的薄膜曲界面结构特征及形成机理

采用电化学方法制备了钽电解电容器阳极.通过场发射扫描电镜和理论分析对钽阳极断面的曲面结构特征及其形成机理进行了研究.研究结果发现Ta/Ta_2O_5的薄膜曲界面存在间隙层(1nm),该间隙层为氧空位及其缺陷离子迁移所致;曲面结构的应力模型表明曲面薄膜界面的电化学生长过程生产缺陷浓度高于平面系统,讨论了钽电解电容器曲面薄膜的形成过程对电场应力畸变屏蔽的机理.     

Auto CAD中零件表面粗糙度标注功能的开发

论述了以计算机绘图软件AutoCAD为图形支持软件,实现零件图表面粗糙度自动标注的程序设计方法,用这种方法使零件图表面粗糙度的自动标注成为可能。     

稳健逆传播算法用于预测混合物辛烷值和表面张力

采用中位数对训练过程中个别样本的训练残差进行了剪裁,消除奇异点或数据污染点的影响,从而使得训练模型更真实,泛化能力更强。改造后的算法称为稳健逆传播算法（ＲＢＰ）,将这种算法用于推测混合物的辛烷值和表面张力,并与ＢＰ算法进行了比较,证明改造后的ＲＢＰ算法在泛化能力方面优于传统ＢＰ算法。