7个山东地方品种鸡蛋品质的比较

测定了7个山东地方品种鸡所产的种蛋各15枚的蛋重、蛋密度、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重、蛋白相对重、蛋黄蛋白比、蛋黄指数、哈夫单位以及全蛋胆固醇含量等蛋品质的指标.结果表明:各品种鸡蛋的蛋黄指数、蛋密度、蛋黄含水量、蛋白含水量4个指标无显著差异(P>0.05);日照麻鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋白相对重2项指标均不同程度地高于其他6个品种鸡;鲁西斗鸡蛋的蛋形指数、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄相对重、蛋黄蛋白比5项指标均不同程度地优于其他6个品种鸡;琅琊鸡蛋的哈夫单位不同程度地优于其他6个品种鸡,全蛋胆固醇含量不同程度地高于其他6个品种鸡;芦花鸡蛋的蛋壳相对重显著高于其他6个品种鸡;综合各项指标,从蛋品质改良的角度来看,日照麻鸡、鲁西斗鸡蛋品质较好.研究结果为进一步开发利用品种资源提供了参考依据.     

大腹圆蛛包卵丝的化学组成与物理机械性能

分析了大腹圆蛛包卵丝的氨基酸组成，包卵丝中极性氨基酸含量较高，小侧基氨基酸含量较少，利用SEM及计算机图像处理技术分析了大腹圆蛛包卵丝的形态结构特征，包卵丝的断面形状基本为圆形，包层包卵丝的细度约为内层包卵丝的2倍，并且外层包卵丝的纤维断面内有许多无规分布的纳米级孔隙，经冷冻干燥后，孔隙率增加了2倍左右，在此基础上，研究了大腹圆蛛包卵丝的拉伸机械性能，光泽和热性能，初步探索了性能的形成机理，大腹圆蛛内层包卵丝具有比其他功能蜘蛛丝和丝素纤维好得多的力学性能，其强度高，伸长率大，韧性好，包卵丝在光泽和热性能方面与蚕丝丝素纤维有一定的差异。     

鸡蛋蛋白质水解多肽分子量分布的研究

采用超滤法结合凝胶过滤色谱法，测定了鸡蛋蛋白水解产物肽分子量的分布情况，结果表明：鸡蛋蛋白质水解多肽分子量是连续分布的，分子量1000以下占66．57％，分子量1000－2000之间占3．42％，分子量2000－4000之间占6．28％，分子量4000－10000之间占7．73％，分子量10000以上占16．00％。     

鸡蛋力学特性实验分析

本文对鸡蛋的外形、重量与壳厚进行了测定,并对其静动力学特性进行了较全面的实验分析,其结果为鲜蛋贮运加工装备的设计提供了依据。     

超临界CO_2脱卵黄油及卵黄磷脂提取的研究

对超临界CO_2流体萃取卵黄磷脂及其机制进行了研究,超临界CO_2在丙酮和瓷粉作用下,在35MPa、40℃条件下萃取3h,可脱除蛋黄粉中98.6％的卵黄油。在40MPa、50℃条件下,用10wt％乙醇夹带,卵黄中磷脂的提取率最高,为27.28％。     

五种蝗卵的形态记述

记述了网翅蝗科的黑翅竹蝗Ceracris fasciata fasciata,中华雏蝗Chrothippus chinensis,斑翅蝗科的黄翅踵蝗Pteruoscirta calliginosa,剑角蝗科的长角佛蝗Phlaeoba antennata和僧帽佛蝗Ph.infumata等五种蝗虫的卵囊形态和构造,卵粒的形态和显微结构。     

On the natural history of the South American pepper frog,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group lay their eggs outside water but the tadpoles need to reach water to complete the larval phase; other species complete development in terrestrial nests. Here we present details of the reproduction of L. labyrinthicus in south‐eastern Brazil. The proportion of tadpoles and trophic eggs in aged egg clutches was determined, as well as the growth of the tadpoles while in the nest. The gut contents of tadpoles that were in egg clutches of frogs were analysed. Adult males did not differ from females in size and had hypertrophied forearms and an enlarged spine on the thumb. Reproduction was initiated with the first rains of August/September and extended to mid‐January. Calling and spawning occurred at permanent or temporary water bodies. The foam nests were built in excavated basins outside of, but close to the water. The male determined the place of the basin construction; after amplexus, the female completed the excavation. The amplexus was axillary. One female spent the day after spawning in the foam. The eggs were pale grey, the yolk averaging 2.3?mm in diameter. The mean number of eggs was 2101 per egg clutch. The number of tadpoles in individual nests varied between 0.05% and 11.40% in relation to the total laid eggs. The tadpoles entered water when rains flooded the basin. The tadpoles grew to 12 times the weight of an individual egg while in the nest; no nesting tadpole was beyond stage 25. The longest time we followed tadpoles in a nest was 25 days. Tadpoles were found preying upon eggs of three other frog species and upon conspecific eggs. Males fought by grasping each other in a belly‐to‐belly position; the powerful arms and the thumb spines represent weapons. Even though males can reach maturity in the season following birth, small size would prevent them from establishing their own territory. All the species of the L. pentadactylus group may build their foam nests within excavated basins. The basins may protect the eggs and embryos from cannibalistic tadpoles and may have an anti‐desiccation effect. In order to produce trophic eggs, the female may delay laying additional unfertilized eggs until after the male has abandoned the foam nest. Anuran eggs represent an important food item for tadpoles after they leave the nest.     

The pre-overwintering nests and the immature stages of the hornet Vespa fumida van der Vecht (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

The pre-overwintering nest structure and the immature stages of the hornet Vespa fumida van der Vecht are for the first time reported. All three adult forms (queen, worker and drone) are briefly described. The eggs have many micropyles concentrated at the larger end of the egg. The mature larvae can be identified by having the ecdysial sulcus obliterated ventrally; the parietal band distinctly margined ventrally on the outer side; the palate with a median patch and a pair of dorsal patches; the collar processes of the spiracle long and thick, with many branches over almost all the surface. Morphology and distribution of the different types of sensilla (setae, conical papillae, campaniform sensilla, basiconic sensilla, etc.) and the spicules are illustrated in detail. Close relationship between the Vespa affinis-group and V. fumida previously suggested by adult morphology is briefly discussed in terms of the morphology of the mature larvae.     

荔枝保鲜研究1：——低温储存下抑制失水与防霉

本文研究荔枝保鲜过程中抑制荔枝失水和防霉问题。用含５％的瑞毒雷猛锌的保鲜液浸渍处理荔枝约５ｍｉｎ后，取出凉干。密封于装有吸潮－保温－乙烯吸收保鲜剂容器中，５℃￣８℃下储存。储存５０天后，好果率约８６％，货贺期约３０小时。     

Pnigalio agraules (Walker) and Pnigalio mediterraneus Ferrière and Delucchi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): two closely related valid species

The genus Pnigalio is very difficult to study because of the large intraspecific variability of many traits considered diagnostic. Pnigalio agraules (Walker) and Pnigalio mediterraneus Ferrière and Delucchi were synonymized in 1984 because it was not possible to distinguish them on the basis of morphology. Here we propose the revalidation of P. mediterraneus based on multiple evidence: two molecular markers, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and the second expansion segment (D2) of the 28S ribosomal subunit (28S-D2), host ranges and the shape of eggs. As the two valid species are potentially important parasitoids for biological control of key pests such as Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic, practical consequences of the wrong synonymy are also discussed.