2,3-Dihydrolinderazulene,a new bioactive azulene pigment from the gorgonianAcalycigorgia sp.

Summary A new azulene pigment, 2,3-dihydrolinderazulene, has been isolated along with guaiazulene and linderazulene as bioactive metabolites from the gorgonianAcalycigorgia sp.     

产普鲁兰降解酶菌株的分离筛选及酶学特性的研究

普鲁兰降解酶(pullulan degrading enzymes)能够专一水解普鲁兰多糖α-1,6-糖苷键以及特定位置的α-1,4-糖苷键,在工业、食品业、医疗保健等行业中具有重要的应用意义.本研究采用唯一碳源法从稻田土样中培养筛选到21株产普鲁兰降解酶的菌株.对菌株A1的鉴定及其产生的普鲁兰降解酶的分析表明,该菌株为气单胞菌属,其产生的酶属于Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶(Type I pullulanase,EC 3.2.1.41),专一水解普鲁兰多糖α-1,6-糖苷键.该酶的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为6.0,具有良好的温度稳定性和适应性;同时在pH为4.0时仍然保留50%的酶活.进一步对A1菌株产酶的发酵条件(pH、温度、时间)进行了优化,摇瓶中A1分泌表达Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶的水平达到21.2 U/mL.根据已报道的气单胞菌属普鲁兰酶基因的保守序列设计引物,克隆获得了4 053 bp的A1普鲁兰酶基因pluA1全长序列,编码1351个氨基酸.本研究结果为该酶的开发应用奠定了基础.     

生物表面活性剂生产菌株培养条件优化的研究

对生物表面活性剂生产菌W2的培养条件进行研究,以获得最佳的菌株生长条件和最佳的产生物表面活性剂条件.结果表明:W2产生物表面活性剂的最佳培养基成分(g/L)为葡萄糖40.0,NaNO32.67,K2HPO41.0,KH2PO40.5,KCl 0.1,MgSO40.5,CaCl20.01,FeSO4.7H2O0.01,酵母提取物0.1.W2产生物表面活性剂的培养基最适宜pH=6.5,接种量为1%,最适温度为30℃.针对其产生物表面活性剂和菌体生长的关系,将分段培养工艺应用于W2产生物表面活性剂中,即在培养的初期24h内采用菌体生长最佳培养条件,在培养后期采用菌体产生物表面活性剂的最佳培养条件.     

近十年海洋来源木霉属真菌次生代谢产物研究进展

木霉（Trichoderma spp.）是一类自然界广泛存在于土壤中的真菌类群,属于半知菌门（Deuteromycotina）丝孢目（Moniliales）木霉属（Trichoderma sp.）。海洋中的木霉属真菌因其高盐、高压和缺氧的特殊环境,能够产生更多结构新颖、生物活性独特的次生代谢产物。木霉属真菌的次生代谢产物主要包括聚酮、肽类、萜类以及其他类型,这些化合物具有细胞毒、抗菌、酶抑制等多种生物活性。本文综述近十年来海洋来源木霉属真菌中分离的新次生代谢产物,并对这些新化合物的生物活性进行归纳总结。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的降酚特性及反硝化关键酶活性

为了研究菌株Diaphorobacter sp.PD-7在有氧条件下降解低浓度苯酚同时反硝化的特性,采用单因素试验,摇床转速180 r/min时,最佳降酚条件为200 mg/L乙酸钠和300 mg/L苯酚同时作为碳源,培养液初始p H为7.0,温度30℃,20 h内对初始浓度300 mg/L苯酚去除率达97.3%。培养液p H为中性时,硝酸盐还原酶(NAR)与亚硝酸盐还原酶(NIR)的最适反应温度分别为35℃、40℃。用米门方程对酶促反应动力学模拟,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好,参数分别为Km=0.76μmol/L、vmax=42.02×10-3U/min和Km=1.49μmol/L、vmax=32.79×10-3U/min。推测NIR可能是该菌株反硝化过程中的限速酶,菌株PD-7主要通过细胞同化作用与反硝化作用脱氮,且该菌株有着完整的反硝化途径。     

Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

ABSTRACT

We describe two diminutive species of rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) from small nearshore islands off the coast of Baja California in the western Gulf of California, Mexico. In order to test the hypothesis that some island populations represent cohesive species entities, we applied linear discriminant analysis and uniform validation procedures to multiple classes of intrinsic trait data. By using previously recognised species to establish a threshold for species recognition, we found that assignment of specimens to either new species was as probable as with other established rattlesnake species within the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) complex. We also found that assignment of specimens from other island populations was not as probable as for the established species, and these populations are referable to C. pyrrhus. The species endemic to Piojo Island is most closely related to other island and mainland populations of C. pyrrhus whereas the species endemic to Cabeza de Caballo Island is apparently most closely related to C. angelensis, a nearby island endemic of large body size. However, patterns from both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, and phenotypic variation, indicate that evolutionary trajectories of both of these species have been influenced by introgression from C. angelensis. We speculate that collective evidence based on contrasting patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial evolution supports a hybrid origin of the species from Cabeza de Caballo Island followed by exceptionally rapid mitochondrial evolution. Consistent with small body size, both species show a reduction in various scale counts relative to other species of the C. mitchellii species complex, suggesting that dwarfism is not simply a plastic response to insular conditions.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn.lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBC8A11B-04A3-4231-85CA-3972DF5A42FF     

A new species of Friesea (Collembola: Neanuridae) from the Antarctic Continent

A new species of Friesea was found in East Antarctica and is described here as Friesea eureka sp. nov. This is the first new collembolan species to be described from the Antarctic continent in 30 years, even though ice-free areas have been intensively surveyed over that time. It brings to five the number of described species of the genus Friesea known from the Antarctic continent and Peninsula, so is the most speciose genus of Collembola in the region. However, one of these, F. grisea Schäffer, comprises a number of cryptic species of different molecular lineages. The new species is distinguished by having 4 + 4 ocelli plus 1 + 1 hardly visible, a very reduced furca, up to four or five faintly clavate tenent hairs, four anal spines and four spinose chaetae in adult. The restricted distribution of the species emphasises the importance of protecting ice-free areas on the continent as they often contain at least one locally endemic faunal species

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:865B9AE6-0428-4364-99A4-AF38A764D6D9     

两株细菌对偶氮染料活性艳红X—3B脱色的研究

从太原市纺织绒染厂废水处理站曝气池分离筛选到一株假单胞菌和一株黄单胞菌,探讨了这两株菌在不同碳源、不同ｐＨ和不同温度条件下对活性艳红Ｘ—３Ｂ的脱色效果。试验结果表明,假单胞菌和黄单胞菌分别以葡萄糖,果糖和无水乙酸钠为碳源时,脱色效果都较好,且黄单胞菌以可溶性淀粉作碳源时也有较高的脱色率。这两株菌脱色的最适ｐＨ均为８．０。假单胞菌脱色的最适温度为２５℃,黄单胞菌脱色的最适温度为３０℃。     

all 1691基因表达及铁元素对鱼腥藻生长的影响

为实现FurA的表达,探究铁元素对藻生长的影响,首先运用Primer5.0设计引物,克隆出鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体上all1691(furA)基因片段;构建含组氨酸融合表达标签和T7启动子标签的表达载体.IPTG诱导FurA蛋白表达.然后设计不同Fe3+浓度梯度培养基,利用SDS-PAGE检测高、中、低Fe3+浓度培养液的藻细胞总蛋白,考马斯亮蓝g-250法测定蛋白含量,并用Trizol法提取不同Fe3+浓度培养的藻细胞总RNA.结果表明,获得纯化的all 1691克隆片段,大小为456bp,pET-1691重组蛋白在1mmol/L的IPTG诱导下,于37℃下摇床培养15h得到成功表达;低浓度Fe3+促进藻生长,高浓度Fe3+抑制藻生长;Fe3+浓度为2.0mg/L时rRNA位置与亮度清晰可见,而缺铁培养的藻生长几乎停滞,转录和翻译水平都很低.