Evolutionary analysis of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp, based on ISSR, AFLP molecular markers and cloning of cyclins genes

The allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp x common carp are the first reported artificially cultured polyploid fish with bisexual fertility and stable inheritance in vertebrate. Using ISSR and AFLP markers and the cyclins genes, the genomes and cyclin gene sequence changes were analyzed between the allotetraploid hybrids and their parents. The results indicated that the allotetraploids inherited many genetic characteristics from their parents and the genetic characteristics were stable after 15 generations. However, the allotetraploids had a closer genetic relationship with their original female parents and represented a bias toward the maternal progenitor. DNA fingerprinting analysis showed that the allotetraploids had undergone sequences deletion from their original parents and that the deleted sequences were mostly from the male parent＇s genome. Some non-parental bands were found in the allotetraploid hybrids. Sequences analysis of the cyclin A1 and B1 genes showed nonsynonymous substitutions of single nucleotides in codons that were different from their original parents, leading to non-parental amino acid loci. We speculate that the non-additivity in the allotetraploids, compared with their progenitors, could be an adjustment to the genomic shock from heterozygosity and polyploidy, allowing maintenance of genetic stability.     

与小麦赤霉病抗性紧密连锁的基于AFLP片段的STS标记开发(英文)

DNA序列标签位点(STS)是一个操作简便和花费低的分子标记体系,将与某一性状密切连锁的AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)片段转换成STS标记可直接用于分子育种工作中.本研究利用Ning 7840和Clark的重组自交系及AFLP技术,探测到一个与小麦赤霉病抗性紧密连锁的坐落在染色体3BS的主效数量特性位点(QTL),发现5个Pstl-AFLP片段与该QTL显著关联;其中2个片段与赤霉病抗性达到50%左右的表型变异解析度,一个为35个碱基的相引相片段,另一个为222个碱基的相斥相片段.222个碱基的DNA片段被克隆和测序,发现11个克隆中含有5种不同的DNA序列,其中一种序列在5个克隆中完全一致,该序列被用来作为设计STS标记的DNA模板.经多次实验,开发出了一个共显性STS标记.该STS标记与原222个碱基的AFLP片段谱带(banding pattern)完全一致,具有鉴别小麦育种材料赤霉病抗病强弱和加速抗病育种进程的潜力.     

基于16S rDNA序列和RFLP分析的病鳗分离菌株鉴定

结合16S rDNA基因序列和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)的分析方法,通过与GenBank库中已递交的细菌16S rDNA基因序列进行同源性比较,对分离自发病鳗鲡(欧洲鳗鲡,日本鳗鲡和美洲鳗鲡)的30株细菌进行初步鉴定和分类.结果表明,这些细菌可大致分为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas sp.)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella sp.)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)等7个菌属.分析认为,部分分离菌株可能是引起鳗鲡病害的疑似致病性菌株.     

麦长管蚜AFLP银染分析体系的建立与优化

以麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)为研究材料,以AFLP技术为基础,采用限制性内切酶EcoRI和MseI,对影响麦长管蚜AFLP技术体系中的关键技术,如DNA的提取质量、酶切与连接、扩增条件、引物选择、染色方法等进行了优化处理,构建了麦长管蚜AFLP银染技术体系。酶切与连接分步进行,预扩增与选择性扩增同体系完成。在此优化体系下,可以得到重复性好、稳定性和多态性高的麦长管蚜AFLP条带。该体系的构建为蚜虫种间分子遗传学研究提供了新的技术手段。     

MgxZn1－xSe合金的电子结构、光学性质和稳定性的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了闪锌矿MgxZn1－xSe合金的稳定性、电子结构和光学性质.研究结果表明,闪锌矿ZnSe和MgxZn1－xSe合金都为直接带隙半导体,MgxZn1－xSe合金的带隙宽度Eg和形成能Eb分别可以由Eg＝1.30＋1.34x和Eb＝－1.48＋0.60x－0.27x2进行估计.同时,MgxZn1－xSe合金的价带顶主要取决于Se 4p 和 Zn 3p态电子的相互作用,而其导带底则主要由Zn 4s、Zn 3p 以及Se 4s态电子共同决定.此外,随着镁掺杂系数x的逐渐增大,MgxZn1－xSe合金的静态介电常数逐渐减小,而其吸收谱则出现明显的蓝移现象.研究结果为MgxZn1－xSe合金在光电探测器方面的应用提供了重要的理论指导.     

Tagging major quantitative trait loci for sheath blight resistance in a rice variety, Jasmine 85

This study was conducted with a clonal F₂ population of rice from a cross between Jasmine 85, a resistant variety, and Lemont, a susceptible cultivar. The rice plants belonging to each F₂ clone were divided into two plots, which were put in two replicates, respectively. Clonal parents were tested as controls. The plants were inoculated by short toothpicks incubated with RH-9, a virulent isolate of the pathogenic fungus,Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. The extreme resistant and susceptible clonal lines were selected for construction of resistant and susceptible DNA pools, respectively. A total of 94 polymorphic markers evenly distributed on 12 rice chromosomes were used for bulked segregant analysis, three positive ones were found polymorphic between the two DNA pools, and three major QTLs for sheath blight resistance, Rh-2, Rh-3 and Rh-7, were identified. The three major QTLs were located on chromosomes 2, 3 and 7, and could explain 14.4%, 26.1% and 22.2% of the phenotypic variation.     

几种基于基因组DNA的真菌分类技术研究进展

基于基因组DNA的真菌分类技术发展迅速。综述了DNA分子杂交技术,真菌线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态性(m t RFLP)分析,随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析,rDNA序列分析,扩增片断长度多态性(amp lifiedfragm ent length polymorph ism,AFLP)在真菌分类和系统发育中的应用。     

Mitochondrial DNA variation in geographic populations of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae)

Summary This study demonstrates variability in restriction enzyme cleavage sites of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among four popalations of Colorado potato beetle (CPB). A suite of three enzymes (EcoRI,HpaI,PstI) was sufficient to discriminate among the populations tested. Individuals heteroplasmic for restriction enzyme patterns were found in some populations. Variability in CPB mtDNA should prove useful in efforts to trace the origin and dispersal of the species in North America.     

成都麻羊与7个山羊品种(群体)的AFLP遗传多样性研究

采用AFLP（Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism AFLP）标记,研究成都麻羊与金堂黑山羊、乐至黑山羊、合江黑山羊、江安黑山羊、营山黑山羊、嘉陵黑山羊和白玉黑山羊等8个山羊品种（群体）,共261只个体的遗传多样性．结果表明,选用8对引物组合共获得174个标记,其中80个为多态性标记,标记多态频率为16．55％～38．62％,平均每对引物获得21．75条带．根据AFLP分析结果,用Shannon多样性指数公式计算获得,供试8个山羊品种（群体）的遗传多样性指数在0．0888～0．2289之间．其中营山黑山羊的遗传多样性指数最大（0．2289）,嘉陵黑山羊次之（0．2119）．白玉黑山羊最小（0．0888）、其余山羊品种（群体）介于其间．用Rogers遗传距离公式分析获得8个山羊品种（群体）间的遗传距离（DR）。根据DR值,采用Mega3．0软件以UPGMA法构建遗传系统树状图,聚类结果聚为三个大类,营山黑山羊和嘉陵黑山羊聚为一类,合江黑山羊和江安黑山羊为一类,这两类聚为一大类;成都麻羊和金堂黑山羊聚为一类后。再与乐至黑山羊聚为一大类;这两大类相聚后,再与单独为一大类的白玉黑山羊聚在一起．聚类结果与品种（群体）来源和生态地理分布相一致．AFLP标记很好的反映供试山羊品种（群体）的遗传差异和亲缘关系,是研究山羊遗传多样性一种理想的分子标记．     

玉米RFLP遗传图谱的构建及矮生基因定位

以 792 2× 5 0 0 3的杂交F2 作为构图群体 ,构建了具 85个RFLP标记的玉米遗传图 ,覆盖玉米基因组的 1 82 7.8cM ,标记间平均间距为 2 4.4cM .田间采用 1 0× 1 1简单矩形格子设计考察了 1 0 6个F2∶3 家系的株高 ,利用区间作图法分析了影响株高的数量性状基因座位 (QTL) ,可将自交系 5 0 0 3的致矮作用剖分为 5个QTL ,其中 2个为主效QTL ,1个是具增效作用的ph1 ,位于第 2染色体上 ,可解释表型变异的 5 1 .8% ;另 1个是具致矮作用的ph3,位于第 5染色体上 ,与矮生突变基因bv1的图位相同或相近 ,可解释表型变异的 38.6 % .