基于节点密度法的连续体结构拓扑优化结果提取

研究影响拓扑优化结果提取的各类因素及解决方法.基于节点变密度法建立连续体结构拓扑优化模型,连续密度场在结构拓扑数学描述上抑制了棋盘格现象.采用密度过滤技术进一步提高密度场的连续性和光滑性,从而消除了网格依赖性现象.密度-弹性模量惩罚措施及两步过滤策略减少了中间密度节点数目并消除图像扩散现象.拓扑优化密度云图输出方式得到光滑的轮廓边界.通过二维经典拓扑优化数值箅例验证了方法的正确性.     

Soluble Jagged 1/Fc chimera protein induces the differentiation and maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

A soluble Jagged 1/Fc chimera protein （Jagged 1/Fc） was directly used to induce differentiation and maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells （DCs） in mice in vitro. A model of inducing and amplifying DCs in vitrowas established. The effect of Jagged 1/Fc on morphology of DCs induced by both rmGM-CSF and rmlL-4 was observed under a confocal microscope. A fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody staining combined with flow cytometry was applied to detect the effect of Jagged 1/Fc on the expression of CD11c, MHC-Ⅱ, CD86, CD80 and CD40 molecules on the surface of DCs. The results showed that Jagged 1/Fc did not affect the morphological properties of DC differentiation induced by both rmGM-CSF and rmlL-4. But it could promote the differentiation and maturation of DCs induced by both. The effect of it was strikingly different in the expression profile of co-stimulating molecules and the morphologic properties of DCs from lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. The levels of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 molecule expression on the surface of DCs stimulated by Jagged 1/Fc were significantly lower than those stimulated by LPS, and the level of CD80 expression on the surface of DCs induced by Jagged 1/Fc was near to that induced by LPS. Jagged 1/Fc had no influence on the expression of CD86 molecule on the surface of DCs. Jagged 1/Fc when used alone could not maintain the growth, differentiation and maturation of DCs. All the findings indicate that Jagged 1/Fc influences the differentiation and maturation of DCs, which is not markedly similar to LPS, providing important evidence for its development and application as a novel immunosuppressant.     

Structures of magnetic null points in reconnection diffusion region: Cluster observations

Magnetic reconnection is a very important and fundamental plasma process in transferring energy from magnetic field into plasma. Previous theory, numerical simulations and observations mostly concentrate on 2-dimensional （2D） model; however, magnetic reconnection is a 3-dimensional （3D） nonlinear process in nature. The properties of reconnection in 3D and its associated singular structure have not been resolved completely. Here we investigate the structures and charactedstics of null points inside the reconnection diffusion region by introducing the discretized Poincar6 index through Gauss integral and using magnetic field data with high resolution from the four satellites of Cluster mission. We estimate the velocity and trajectory of null points by calculating its position in different times, and compare and discuss the observations with different reconnection models with null points based on characteristics of electric current around null points.     

Flow characteristics and reaction properties of carbon dioxide in microtubules and porous media

Carbon dioxide reacts with porous media while flowing through them enhancing their permeability. Its flow behavior as well as the permeability enhancement effects were studied in synthetic cores, natural cores and microtubes with an inner diameter of 5 μm. The results show that the permeability of H2O-saturated cores （containing carbonate ingredients） was enhanced by increasing the injection volume of a CO2-H2O solution. This enhancement is attributable to carbon dioxide＇s corrosion, which is justified by SEM scanning. The same phenomenon occurs with a CO2-H2O solution in microtubes, but for a different reason. The gas flow velocity of carbon dioxide in microtubes was approximately 100% faster than that of nitrogen because of the scale and the squeezing effects. Carbon dioxide molecules dissolved in water accelerate the diffusion rate of water molecules within the boundary layer, which in turn diminishes the thickness of the water film and enlarges the effective pore size. This flow behavior facilitates the injection of carbon dioxide into low-permeability reservoirs for oil-displacement and formation energy buildup purposes. This behavior also increases the potential for carbon dioxide channeling or release from the formation.     

氯代磷酸酯作为锂离子电池电解液阻燃添加剂的性能研究

为了提高锂离子电池电解液的热稳定性,使用氯代磷酸酯磷酸三（1-氯2-丙基）酯TCPP和磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯TCEP作为锂离子电池电解液阻燃添加剂,研究其对锂离子电池电解液热稳定性和电化学性能的影响．循环性能测试、循环伏安法、交流阻抗等电化学分析表明：TCEP和TCPP与正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2有很好的相容性,有良好的电化学稳定性;而对负极石墨材料则有一定的剥离现象发生．微量量热实验表明TCEP和TCPP的加入能提高电解液的热稳定性．     

有机反转电致发光器件的负阻特性

对结构为Si/Al/Alqs/PVK:TPD/PTCDA/ITO的有机反转电致发光器件Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性的测量发现,其电压出现了峰值的负阻现象.分析表明:高电压注入时,器件内形成了高浓度的等离子体;载流子寿命和迁移率随注入电压变化;特别是体内出现了严重的电导调制效应使得器件由高阻区变为低阻区,这些是形成负阻特性的主要原因.通过引入双极迁移率和双极扩散系数将空穴和电子的电流连续性方程联合起来,解释了具有负阻区段的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性曲线.     

一种新型发红光材料SrGdGa3O7:Eu3+及其性质研究

采用高温固相法合成了发红光的荧光粉SrGdGa3O7：Eu^3＋。漫反射光谱和激发光谱中Eu^3＋的电荷迁移带、Eu^3＋离子f→f跃迁以及Gd^3＋离子^8S7/2→^6I7/2。的跃迁相互吻合;监测Eu^3＋离子的特征发射,激发谱中有Gd^3＋离子的激发线表明存在Gd^3＋→Eu^3＋的能量传递。发射光谱中以^5D0→^7F2跃迁为主,表明Eu^3＋离子所占据的晶体学格位没有对称中心的cs格位。根据低温下的发射光谱计算了^7F1和^7F2能级完全解除简并后的每个分裂能级的位置。Eu^3＋的发射发生明显的温度猝灭现象,同时发射谱线的分辨率也逐渐降低。Eu^3＋离子的^5D0→^7F2跃迁在不同温度下的荧光衰减曲线相似;随着温度的升高,荧光发射强度衰减越快,但是仍然处于毫秒数量级;^5D0→^7F2跃迁是宇称和自旋禁阻的跃迁,所以荧光衰减时间比较长。     

尿素、盐酸胍在溶菌酶分子上结合数的平衡渗析研究

蛋白质的活性及生物功能与其二级、三级和四级结构有重要联系,而这些结构主要是以氢键、疏水键等弱相互作用所维系.由于这些弱相互作用易受外界因素的影响,使蛋白质分子发生构象变化,从原来的折叠态变为去折叠态.这一变化使得蛋白质分子失去生物功能,称为蛋白质的变性.能够使蛋白质变性的化学物质被称为变性剂,尿素和盐酸胍是常见的蛋白质变性剂.     

试论国家助学贷款偿还过程中的违约现象

国家助学贷款在实施的九年间对于支持高等教育深化改革,促进我国教育事业持续健康发展,帮助贫困大学生顺利完成学业等方面提供了有力的经济上的保障。然而,我们也应看到,随着国家助学贷款工作的深入开展,在部分大学生中出现的恶意拖欠、逃避还贷还息等违约现象也时常发生。本文从国家助学货款偿还过程中大学生违约现象所带来的问题及其违约现象形成的原因和对策等方面来进行阐述。     

Evaluation of a 3dVAR system for the South China Sea

The authors evaluate a three-dimensional variational （3dVAR） system for the South China Sea （SCS） in this study. The assimilation method applied in the system takes into consideration error correlation along each ground track and uses recursive filter for optimiza- tion. Data from three R/V cruises during the spring and summer of 1998 and the summer of 2000 are used to evaluate the system. The root-mean-square error and bias are reduced significantly and when the altimeter data are assimilated, the distribution of the error is much closer to the Gaussian distribution. Precipitation and river discharge in the southwestern SCS are reproduced, and the variability of sea surface height is efficiently transferred to the subsurface. The 3dVAR system performs well for each of the three cruises, suggesting that it is steady for routine usage.