组合工况下供水管网的智能优化设计

基于遗传算法,首次同时考虑最高时、事故时、消防时多个供水工况,建立供水管网管径组合优化设计模型,采用C++平台实现了优化算法,通过实例应用证明,与传统的单工况优化及先单工况优化,再进行多工况校核的方法相比,计算效率有明显提高,特别是针对大规模复杂供水管网的改扩建问题,经济效益明显.     

Global trends of whole-genome duplications revealed by the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia

The duplication of entire genomes has long been recognized as having great potential for evolutionary novelties, but the mechanisms underlying their resolution through gene loss are poorly understood. Here we show that in the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia, a ciliate, most of the nearly 40,000 genes arose through at least three successive whole-genome duplications. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the most recent duplication coincides with an explosion of speciation events that gave rise to the P. aurelia complex of 15 sibling species. We observed that gene loss occurs over a long timescale, not as an initial massive event. Genes from the same metabolic pathway or protein complex have common patterns of gene loss, and highly expressed genes are over-retained after all duplications. The conclusion of this analysis is that many genes are maintained after whole-genome duplication not because of functional innovation but because of gene dosage constraints.     

基于机械比能理论的钻井效率随钻评价及优化新方法

在原有破岩机械比能理论基础上,分析水力能量对破岩与井底净化起到的积极作用,建立水力参数条件下破岩比能模型,并完善相关理论。基于破岩比能模型与钻井参数和机械钻速的相互关系,通过分析钻进中井底工况,判断施加钻井参数的合理性,提出相应优化措施,并利用该模型预测机械钻速。结果表明:建立的破岩比能效率评价体系能够在钻前准确预测机械钻速、钻进中随钻诊断井底工况及优化参数、钻后优选钻头;该理论评价方法诊断准确率高、优化效果好且流程识别简单,具有良好的应用与推广价值。     

高转移的人卵巢癌细胞遗传学研究

本文对自建的人卵巢癌细胞系（ＨＯ－８９１０）和用该细胞建成的高转移人卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植癌模型（ＮＳＭＯ）进行了细胞遗传学的比较研究。结果提示：两株细胞均属超二倍体核型，众数为５４条。１、３、１５和２２号染色体常见缺失，１０、１６、１９和２２号染色体常见增加，部分核型中Ｘ染色体有１条缺失，同时发现由１、３、１３、１４和１５号染色体异常而形成的４个标记染色体。ＨＯ－８９１０核型不同的特征是除了４个出现频率较高的标记染色体外，还可见一些其他异常染色体，而ＮＳＭＯ核型中只出现与ＨＯ－８９１０同样的４个标记染色体，很少见有其他异常的染色体，这４个标记染色体可能是高转移卵巢癌独特的遗传特征，这对深入探讨卵巢癌病因和癌变机理有其重要意义。     

铝对桉树幼苗生长及某些生理特性的影响

用溶液培养法研究了铝对巨尾桉幼苗生长及某些生理特性的影响，结果表明，低浓度的铝（〈１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）对桉苗根系生长有一定的促进作用，根系活力增强。在铝胁迫下，叶片生长受阻，植株高生长下降，分枝减少，硝酸还原酶少性下降，脯氨含量和过氧化物酶与过氧化酶活性则升高，多酚氧化酶活性在铝浓度较低时有下降，当铝浓度升高一定程度时，多酚氧化活性上升的趋势。     

平整轧制件弯曲成因分析及对策

针对苛公司1420HC双平整机组线上平整轧件所出现的弯曲现象，应用文献[1,2]的研究结果，分析了平整轧制轧件产生弯曲的原因，并提出了消除平整轧件弯曲的对策。通过生产实践，取得明显的实效，使平整轧制的弯曲平均值原来的25mm下降到12mm以下，达到企业的板形控制要求。     

透析人地关系思想的演进与生态环境

章从历史思想的审视中，总结了各个时期的人地关系思想及对生态环境的影响，从中提出未来人地关系应是协调共生的关系，并提出可持续发展的环境伦理思想。     

High-velocity streams of dust originating from Saturn

High-velocity submicrometre-sized dust particles expelled from the jovian system have been identified by dust detectors on board several spacecraft. On the basis of periodicities in the dust impact rate, Jupiter's moon Io was found to be the dominant source of the streams. The grains become positively charged within the plasma environment of Jupiter's magnetosphere, and gain energy from its co-rotational electric field. Outside the magnetosphere, the dynamics of the grains are governed by the interaction with the interplanetary magnetic field that eventually forms the streams. A similar process was suggested for Saturn. Here we report the discovery by the Cassini spacecraft of bursts of high-velocity dust particles (> or = 100 km s(-1)) within approximately 70 million kilometres of Saturn. Most of the particles detected at large distances appear to originate from the outskirts of Saturn's outermost main ring. All bursts of dust impacts detected within 150 Saturn radii are characterized by impact directions markedly different from those measured between the bursts, and they clearly coincide with the spacecraft's traversals through streams of compressed solar wind.     

布尔雷唐变换及其性质的研究

针对三维重建中数字减影（DSA）的成像模型不够精确的问题,提出了一种二值图像的二值投影模型－布尔雷唐（Radon)变换。在连续域内,给出了布尔Radon变换和逆变换的定义,证明了完全重建条件。讨论了布尔Radon变换的4个性质,利用这些性质和三角多项式逼近方法,很好地解决了有限角和稀疏投影下的二值重建问题。     

液力反馈型空心杆采油工艺抽油机悬点载荷分析

介绍了一种新型空心杆采油工艺技术 ,这种技术采用了具有液力反馈原理的空心杆抽油泵 ,该泵的特点是能有效地减小空心杆的下行阻力 ,并能增加抽油杆的下行动力。对常规型和液力反馈型两种空心杆采油工艺进行了分析对比 ,给出了两种工艺中抽油机的最大、最小悬点载荷计算公式 ,计算出上、下冲程中抽油机的最大、最小悬点载荷。计算示例进一步说明了液力反馈型空心杆采油工艺的优越性