The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

听觉线索引导大鼠空间定位

运用Morris水迷宫实验模式,研究听觉线索在大鼠进行空间定位时的作用.结果显示:听觉线索引导组和对照组动物在4 d内寻找平台的时间和错误率均显著下降.但与对照组动物相比,听觉线索引导组动物寻找隐藏平台的时间和错误率均较低,2组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05).对动物的轨迹分析发现,听觉线索引导组和对照组动物在水池边缘区域分配的时间不同,提示2组动物寻找平台所用的策略不同.实验结果提示,大鼠能够利用单独的声音线索进行空间定位.     

Antidiuretic effects of oxytocin in the Brattleboro rat

Summary The antidiuretic activity of oxytocin (OT) was measured in Brattleboro rats with congenital diabetes insipidus. A dose dependent antidiuretic response was found in animals receiving chronic infusions of 0.1 g/h, 1.0 g/h, and 5 g/h of OT. OT infused at the rate of 5 g/h over a 7-day period completely reversed the symptoms of diabetes insipidus. The results support the concept that OT serves as a weak agonist of vasopressin at the level of the kidney and at pharmacological levels exhibits antidiuretic activity.     

针刺老年大鼠"足三里"、"关元"穴对SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性影响的实验研究

通过针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴^(1)观测大鼠脑、心、肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—PX)活性的变化来探讨针刺与衰老的关系。采用生物化学方法检测针刺后大鼠组织内SOD、CAT、GSH—PX含量的变化。结果表明，针刺能提高脑、心、肾组织中SOD、CAT及GSH—PX活性。提示针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴区能提高氧化清除酶活性，抑制脂质过氧化反应，从而起到延缓衰老的进程，达到抗衰老作用。     

重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子促进大鼠烫伤愈合的研究

目的:研究重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-aFGF)促进大鼠烫伤创面愈合的作用。方法:采用大鼠背部深II度烫伤模型,将3种不同浓度的rh-aFGF溶液隔日一次滴注于创面,观察伤后不同时间的创面面积变化和病理组织学改变。结果:rh-aFGF可明显加速大鼠皮肤创伤的愈合,使创面面积明显缩小(P<0 05)。病理组织学检查发现,rh-aFGF组创面伤后7d成纤维细胞生长活跃、数量多,其毛细血管胚芽与成纤维细胞数量显著多于溶媒对照组;伤后14d,创面收缩与再上皮化明显,新生上皮向创面中心爬行较快。结论:外用rh-aFGF对大鼠深II度烫伤创面有明显的促愈合作用。     

CHN近交系大鼠正常心电图及其影响因素的研究

用ＲＭ－６３００型多导生理仪对ＣＨＮ近交系大鼠不同鼠龄组心电图进行了研究．结果表明，大鼠的性别、体重和麻醉剂对其正常心电图无明显影响．麻醉的二月龄大鼠心率高于四月龄大鼠及八月龄大鼠，八月龄大鼠心率最慢；二月龄大鼠Ｐ，Ｔ电压明显高于四月龄大鼠，Ｐ－Ｒ及Ｑ－Ｔ期则略低．四月龄大鼠与国内外报道资料相比，心率较快，Ｐ－Ｒ，Ｑ－Ｔ间期时间较短．     

大鼠跑台运动模型建立的研究进展

通过文献资料调研,论述了运动性疲劳、力竭、过度训练、运动性贫血大鼠的跑台动物模型的分类．分析已经建立的动物模型,总结了近年来的大鼠跑台动物模型．为体育科学研究者怎样选择合适的跑台动物模型提供参考．     

淫羊藿总黄酮对失神经大鼠血清骨代谢指标和骨密度的影响

为了探索淫羊藿总黄酮对失神经支配后骨质疏松的影响,将雄性Wistar大鼠40只随机分成4组:正常对照组(NS,假手术)、模型组(MOD,切断坐骨神经和股神经)、低剂量组,(HEF-L,断神经 淫羊藿总黄酮50 mg.kg-1.d-1)和高剂量组(HEF-H,断神经 淫羊藿总黄酮120 mg.kg-1.d-1).经过20d灌胃治疗后,检测并比较各组血清ALP、E2、T、BGP、PTH及胫骨密度.与NS组比较,MOD组血清PTH和ALP明显升高(p<0.01),T、E2、BGP和骨密度明显降低(p<0.05或p<0.01).与MOD组比较,HEF-L组和HEF-H组血清E2、T、BGP显著增高,PTH明显降低(p<0.05或p<0.01),ALP无显著性差异(p>0.05).淫羊藿总黄酮对失神经大鼠骨质疏松的发生具有明显的防治作用,高剂量比低剂量的治疗效果更明显.     

新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤神经元退行性变方式的超微结构

目的：利用电镜技术研究新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤后神经元退行性变方式。方法：对7日龄SD大鼠采用左侧颈总动脉永久性结扎联合体积分数为7，7％低氧吸人1h复制模型。分别在复氧后4、24、72h及1周取材，观察左侧海马皮质部退行性变神经元的超微结构。结果：神经元退行性变形式包括坏死、杂合体、凋亡、脂性退变及暗细胞。结论：新生大鼠缺氧缺血脑损伤神经元退行性变形式多样。     

四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠对生境选择的初步研究

作者通过随机设置112个20m×20m的样方,采用Vanderloeg和Scaiva选择指数对四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠生境选择进行了研究.结果表明,中华竹鼠喜欢选择东南坡、中坡位、坡度适中(25-45°)、上层乔木郁闭度大于50%的常绿落阔混交林或落叶阔叶林采食青川箭竹,对于基径较粗(大于10mm)、密度适中(20-40株/m2)、距水源较近且远离人为活动干扰的青川箭竹林更加青睐.