心理应激对大鼠颞下颌关节组织结构的影响

 过观察处于心理应激状态的大鼠颞下颌关节组织结构的变化,探讨心理应激对大鼠颞下颌关节组织结构的影响。将48只成年Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为实验组和空白对照组,其中实验组36只,空白对照组12只。对实验组施加电击、制动、气候箱、食物诱惑等刺激,使实验组大鼠处于心理应激状态。将实验组分别于3周、6周和刺激去除后6周时间点各处死12只;对照组12只同实验组最后一批一起处死。取颞下颌关节制作病理切片,光镜下分别观察关节盘、关节软骨、关节骨质和滑膜的病理变化。结果显示,实验组出现一些关节软骨变薄、胶原纤维脱落、关节盘裂隙等病变,其中6周组病变最为严重,恢复组出现修复性改变。各组间病变总体变化有差异,P<0.01。其中,实验3周组、实验6周组与对照组之间病变有差异,实验6周组与恢复组之间病变有差异,P<0.05;其余组与组之间差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。由此推测,长时间心理应激状态对大鼠的颞下颌关节组织结构有影响。应激状态去除后,其颞下颌关节的病理性改变有所恢复。     

联合多虑平治疗颞下颌关节病顽固性疼痛的近期疗效

颞下颌关节功能紊乱综合征(temporomandibular joint disfunction syndrome,TMJDS)又称为颞下颌关节紊乱病[1](temporomandibular disorders,TMD),是口腔颌面外科的常见病和多发病,主要症状有颞下颌关节疼痛、弹响和运动异常,其中疼痛是TMD病人就诊的重要主诉,约70%的病人以关节及其周围区的各种性质的疼痛为就诊主诉[2].     

依托考昔缓解和治疗早期颞下颌关节紊乱病疼痛的临床疗效

目的观察依托考昔治疗早期颞颌关节紊乱病疼痛缓解和治疗的临床疗效。方法将我院收治的早期颞下颌关节紊乱病并符合入组标准的患者30例随机分为对照组15例,观察组15例,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组用依托考昔30 mg qd口服治疗,分别在治疗前和治疗一月后对所有患者VAS指数、疼痛缓解疗效情况、颞肌前束和咬肌的肌电值、最大张口度等进行测试和评价。结果治疗后观察组及对照组疼痛指数分别为(3.08±1.85)、(6.19±1.34),观察组明显小于对照组,观察组和对照组治疗缓解疼痛有效率分别为93.3%,80.0%,观察组对TMD疼痛疗效优于对照组,观察组在MPP时较对照组降低,在ICP时较对照组升高,差异显著,观察组与对照组张口度分别(46.04±9.15)、(34.75±7.51),观察组明显优于对照组。结论依托考昔缓解和治疗早期颞下颌关节紊乱病疼痛疗效显著。     

钠离子通道1.8参与调控大鼠颞下颌关节炎性痛及其性别差异

本文通过观察实验性颞下颌关节炎症是否影响大鼠三叉神经节钠离子通道1.8（Nav1.8）mRNA的表达及其在雌、雄大鼠的表达有否差异,探讨钠离子通道是否参与调控颞下颌关节炎性痛及其性别差异。通过注射完全弗氏佐剂于SD大鼠颞下颌关节上腔建立颞下颌关节炎症模型,采用组织病理学手段确认关节炎症;通过测量摆头阈值及2小时进食量评估大鼠疼痛行为学的改变,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法评估三叉神经节Nav1.8 mRNA变化。结果显示,诱导颞下颌关节炎症24小时后,滑膜组织出现增生、炎细胞浸润及血管增生等滑膜炎特征;摆头阈值及2小时进食量明显降低,且雌性摆头阈值及2小时进食量低于雄性;同时三叉神经节Nav1.8 mRNA出现上调,且雌性Nav1.8 mRNA上调幅度高于雄性。这些结果提示,三叉神经节Nav1.8可能参与调控颞下颌关节炎性痛以及其性别差异,为进一步理解颞下颌关节紊乱病相关疼痛及其性别差异提供实验依据。     

上颌单颌型牙合夹板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的疗效观察

目的:上颌单颌型牙合夹板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床观察。方法:选取2010～2011年在我院就诊的TMD患者75例,不同程度的关节疼痛、关节弹响﹑张口受限症状。随机分成3组,每组25例,分别采用上颌单颌型牙合夹板﹑肌肉封闭﹑精神疗法治疗。结果:上颌单颌型牙合夹板对关节弹响,关节疼痛等临床症状有明显的治疗效果。结论:上颌单颌型颌夹板可以作为有效治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的方法之一。     

玻璃酸钠治疗Ⅱ～Ⅲ阶段颞下颌关节紊乱综合症的疗效分析

目的：研究玻璃酸钠、2%利多卡因注射液在治疗27例Ⅱ～Ⅲ阶段颞下颌关节紊乱综合症的临床效果分析;方法把27例患者任意分为22例实验组和5例对照组,前者采用玻璃酸钠1 mL（10 mg）、2%利多卡因0.5 mL行患侧关节上腔注射,后者用2%利多卡因1 mL、维生素B12500单位行关节上腔注射。结果治疗组有效率90.90%,对照组有效率40.00%,两组实验有明显差异。结果玻璃酸钠在治疗Ⅱ～Ⅲ阶段颞下颌关节紊乱综合症中效果显著。     

破伤风误诊颞下颌关节功能紊乱一例

患者吴××,男性,22岁,工人.1992年10月2日不慎跌伤,(?)牙冠折断,同时伴有张口疼痛和张口受限,但无颌面部皮肤损伤,故当时未作任何处理.10月8日因张口受限未见好转并有加剧趋势而在当地医院就诊,检查发现（?）冠折,叩诊(+),张口度2.0cm,张口无疼痛,两侧颞下颌关节无弹响,双侧髁状突压痛,但无肿胀,两侧下颌骨、颞下颌关节摄片无殊,拟诊:1.创伤性颞下颌关节功能紊乱;2.(?)冠折.给予局部封闭加理疗,仍未见效,于10月9日来我院口腔科就诊.检查:张口度1.5cm,张口时两侧咀嚼肌群酸痛,并有颈部不适,屈颈试验阴性,双侧髁状突压痛(±),但无明显肿胀.详细询问病史,患者于5天前左脚踝部皮肤不慎被铁皮划破,出血,疼痛,未作处理.检查:左脚踝部有一3cm划痕,已结痂.拟诊:1.破伤风;2.(?)冠折.转外科治疗.患者于当天夜间即出现“苦笑”面容,颈项强直,头后仰,不能点头,讲话含糊不清,肌肉酸胀感,行走困难.即给予补液、抗炎、TAT静滴.10月10日检查患者精神软,颈项强直,克氏征(-),双肘屈曲向内,腹肌背肌紧张,     

髁状突游离再植并发症的临床与影像学分析

目的 :分析髁状突游离再植并发症的原因与预防方法。方法 :对 2 8例高位髁状突骨折行髁状突游离再植 ,对手术并发症进行临床和影像学追踪观察。结果 :术后 1年患者中 2 8.6 %有错 牙合畸形、开口与咀嚼障碍、关节区症状等临床症状 ,4 6 .4 %有髁状突畸形、髁状突再移位和骨关节炎等影像异常表现。结论 :髁状突游离再植的并发症与手术方式有关 ,影像异常较临床症状更常见 ,准确复位骨折和稳定固定骨块有助于减少并发症发生。     

AQP-4在抑郁模型大鼠海马区含量的改变

目的探讨抑郁模型大鼠海马区AQP-4含量的改变.方法通过采用慢性不可预见性刺激和孤养相结合的方法,在应激前1天和应激第22天后对大鼠行为学观测,快速断头取海马组织,通过半定量PCR方式观察海马区AQP-4含量的变化.结果发现抑郁大鼠海马区AQP-4mRNA的相对含量增加.结论 AQP-4既参加调节抑郁模型大鼠海马区内环境,同时对抑郁模型大鼠海马区神经元的凋亡发挥作用,为研究抑郁症的发病机制奠定基础.     

海马BDNF和iNOS与慢性应激性抑郁的关系

建立慢性不可预见性抑郁动物模型,采用液体消耗实验(fluid consumption test,FCT)、敞箱实验(Open field test,OFT)和强迫游泳(Forced swimming test,FST)等方法进行行为学测试,并用免疫组织化学的方法检测海马BDNF和iNOS的表达,运用腹腔注射药物的方法探索BDNF和iNOS的作用与关系.探讨了海马脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在慢性应激诱导的抑郁症中的关系,及抑郁症的发病机制.与对照组相比,慢性不可预见性应激(Chronic unpredicted mild stress,CUMS)组大鼠的行为学表现能力下降,BDNF表达下降(n=8,P0.01),iNOS的表达升高(n=8,P0.01);阻断内源性BDNF大鼠的行为学表现能力也下降,iNOS的表达升高(n=7,P0.01);而海马微量注射iNOS的抑制剂SMT均可反转CUMS和BDNF抑制剂所导致的行为学表现能力下降的现象.慢性不可预见性应激引起海马BDNF表达下降,NO过高而导致抑郁.BDNF对神经元具有保护作用,BDNF的抗抑郁作用可能是通过抑制iNOS的表达而起作用的.提示BDNF等神经保护因子通过抑制iNOS的过量表达而保护脑组织可能是治疗抑郁症的一个重要途径.     

大鼠抑郁症模型的建立与评价

目的建立大鼠抑郁症模型并进行评价。方法将40只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组,采用慢性、中等和不可预知应激刺激建立抑郁症模型,观查大鼠行为学指标：大鼠敞箱试验、糖水消耗试验、食物消耗量、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）和皮质醇（CORT）水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组的水平得分垂直得分、糖水消耗、体重、进食量、NE、5-HT、CORT较空白组有明显差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论采用慢性、中等和不可预知应激刺激建立的抑郁症模型符合抑郁症的特征,可作为抑郁症实验模型。     

慢性不可预知和慢性束缚应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学研究

采用慢性综合应激法配合孤养模型建立的应激模型和慢性束缚应激模型.观察模型组大鼠的行为学改变.实验结果表明,慢性综合应激结合孤养模型与空白组相比,大鼠的水平穿越格数(P<0.01)、竖立次数(P<0.01)、理毛次数均减少,中央格停留时间、粪便粒数均显著增加(P<0.01);大鼠体重明显减少(P<0.01);蔗糖溶液消耗量明显减少(P<0.01).慢性束缚模型大鼠的水平穿越格数、竖立次数、理毛次数和粪便粒数均减少;中央格停留时间显著增加(P<0.01);大鼠体重明显减少(P<0.05);蔗糖溶液消耗量明显减少(P<0.05).由此可见,慢性综合应激结合孤养模型组抑郁动物的各项行为学指标、体重变化及液体消耗量上均显示建模成功,而慢性束缚应激模型在行为学指标上无显著差异,但在体重、糖水消耗及糖水偏爱程度上均有显著差异.     

金水六君煎对慢性支气管炎模型小鼠呼吸道纤毛病理损伤的影响

目的：观察金水六君煎对慢性支气管炎小鼠呼吸道纤毛的保护作用。方法：将小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、金水六君煎治疗组,采用改良烟熏法复制慢性支气管炎小鼠模型,以金水六君煎口服液进行干预,连续用药4周后取气管和肺叶组织分别在扫描电镜和透射电镜下观察。结果：模型组小鼠呼吸道纤毛出现明显脱落、减少、倒伏、粘连、变短、肿胀、超微结构异常增多等病理现象,纤毛细胞出现变性、坏死、脱落等病理改变;而金水六君煎治疗组小鼠呼吸道纤毛上述病理改变均较模型组明显减轻。结论：金水六君煎能明显改善慢性支气管炎小鼠呼吸道纤毛的病理损伤程度,促进呼吸道受损纤毛的结构修复。     

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

Objective: The age-related change is important part of degenerative disc disease. However, no appropriate animal model or objective evaluation index is available. This study aimed to investigate the features of intervertebral disc degeneration in aging process of rats. Methods: 22-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as spontaneously occurring intervertebral disc degeneration models and 6-month-old rats as young controls. Expression of collagen types II and X was measured by immunohistochemistry. Degenerations of intervertebral discs were scored according to Miyamoto’s method. Numbers and areas of afferent vascular buds were measured. The thicknesses of non-calcified and calcified layers were measured and statistically analyzed. Results: There were less collagen type II expression and more collagen type X expression in the calcified layer of the cartilage endplates and nucleus pulposus in the rats of the aged group than in the young control. There were fewer and smaller afferent vascular buds in the rats of the aged group than in the young control group. The ratio of the non-calcified to the calcified layers in the rats of the aged group significantly decreased, compared with that of the young control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Rats can spontaneously establish intervertebral disc age-related degeneration. The expression of collagen types II and X, numbers and areas of afferent vascular buds, the ratio of the non-calcified to the calcified layers, and water and glycosaminoglycan contents in the nucleus pulposus are sensitive indexes of intervertebral disc degeneration.     

Chronic stress induced proliferation and activation of mast cells of gastric antrum in rats

To explore chronic eration and activation of mast heterotypic stressors induced prolifcells in gastric antrum mucosa by ultrastructure alterations of mast cells, chronic unpredictable heterotypic stressors were used as a study model. The mean immunofluorescence magnitude of mast cell protease 1 （MCP-1） taken from chronic stress rats were 37.4±7.7, significantly higher （p〈0.05） than the value of normal control group （24.8±5.6）. Chronic unpredictable haterotypic stressors appeared also to induce ultrastructure alterations of mast cells. It indicated that mast cells were proliferated and activated, while mast cell granules were hyperplasiaed. Most granules had obvious intragranular changes with loss of electron-dense material. The morphologic evidence showed that macrophages and leukocytes infiltrated in chronic stress rats. Some granules of leukocytes adhered to the surface of mast cell, and formed a bridge. Macrophages phagocytized the mast cell granules.     

A novel injectable fibroblasts-porous PDLLA microspheres/collagen gel composite for soft-tissue augmentation

This study designed a novel porous PDLLA microspheres/collagen gel composite combined with fibroblasts as the injectable dermal filler for soft-tissue augmentation. The low degradation rate of porous PDLLA microspheres and seed cells were introduced in the system to achieve the filling volume stability and stronger regeneration activity. Biodegradable PDLLA porous microspheres were prepared by an improved water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The combine of fibroblasts with porous microspheres was observed through co-culture of cells with microspheres, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and fluorescent staining technology. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, the hemolysis test and histocompatibility experiment indicated that the composite had satisfactory biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. In the animal studies, the composite was implanted into the subcutaneous part of the rats’ back through sterile needles. The collagen was metabolized within 30 days, meanwhile, fibroblasts-porous PDLLA microspheres served as scaffold structure and seed cells which promote new connective tissue formation. The histopathological studies demonstrate that the fibroblasts-porous PDLLA microspheres/collagen gel composite group could create larger amount of supportive structure than PDLLA porous microspheres/collagen gel composite group. All the results indicate that fibroblasts-porous PDLLA microspheres/collagen gel composite may have great clinical application in soft-tissue augmentation with its excellent biocompatibility, regeneration activity and stable long-term filling ability.     

槟榔十三味丸对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响观察

目的：观察槟榔十三味丸对抑郁模型大鼠行为学及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的影响,探讨其抗抑郁作用及机制.方法：将40只SD雄性大鼠,根据蔗糖水消耗量及体重随机分成4组：空白对照组、慢性应激抑郁模型组、阳性药氟西汀组、槟榔十三味丸中剂量组,每组10只.除空白对照组外,其余均采用慢性不可预见性应激刺激加孤养诱导产生抑郁模型,造模同时ig给药,每日1次,连续给药21 d,各组均按10mL.kg-1给药,空白对照组、模型组ig等量去离子水.21 d后,采用敞箱实验、糖水消耗量检测和体重测量等指标评定大鼠行为学改变,并用放射免疫法检测大鼠下丘脑CRH,垂体ACTH和血清CORT的含量.结果：与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠水平穿越格数、竖立次数、糖水消耗量、体重明显降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;与模型组比较,阳性药氟西汀组、槟榔十三味丸中剂量组水平穿越格数、竖立次数、糖水消耗量、体重明显升高（P〈0.01）;放射免疫检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠下丘脑CRH,垂体ACTH和血清CORT的含量明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;与模型组相比,阳性药氟西汀组、槟榔十三味丸中剂量组下丘脑CRH,垂体ACTH和血清CORT的含量明显降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.结论：槟榔十三味丸可改善慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学,具有一定的抗抑郁作用,并且抑制抑郁模型大鼠HPA轴的激活是槟榔十三味丸治疗抑郁症的机制之一.     

Electron microscope evidence for an 80 A unit in collagen fibrils.

Connective tissues are composite structures containing collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, minerals, water and other minor components. In all cases the collagen exists predominantly in fibrillar form. The size distribution of the fibrils does, however, vary markedly with both age and the mechanical requirements of the tissue. Little is known about the mechanism of fibril formation in vivo, although some information is now available form in vitro polymerisation studies. We have now collected new and extensive electron microscope data on the size of collagen fibrils from tendon, skin, cornea and other tissues from both fetal and immature animals. The results reported here show that the diameters of the collagen fibrils thus measured lie close to a multiple of 80 A, a result which may be simply and readily interpreted in terms of the collagen microfibril and its mode of packing.     

运动对自发性高血压大鼠主动脉平滑肌内质网应激及胶原含量的影响

目的：观察运动对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）胸主动脉胶原含量及TGFβ1表达的影响及平滑肌细胞内质网应激（ERS）的调节作用,探讨运动对ERS与血管重构关系的作用.方法：80只自发性高血压大鼠随机分为运动组和对照组,运动组进行连续16周的运动.每隔4周监测血压.分别于实验第0、4、8、12、16周时随机分批处死SHR（每次每组6只）,取胸主动脉行Masson染色,观察病理变化并计算主动脉胶原容积分数（CVF）,免疫组化法测定SHR胸主动脉管壁转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1）、主动脉平滑肌细胞GRP78和caspase-12的蛋白表达.结果：（1）实验第12、16周,对照组SHR主动脉CVF均较运动组高（P〈0.05）.（2）实验第4、8、12周时运动组SHR主动脉TGFβ1的表达均较对照组低（P〈0.05）.（3）SHR运动组大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞GRP78和caspase-12蛋白表达较SHR对照组明显减弱.结论：运动可能抑制高血压大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内质网应激反应的激活,也可使SHR胸主动脉胶原含量的增龄性变化减缓,而局部TGFβ1含量降低可能是导致其胶原含量减少的重要机制之一.