对冲燃烧布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀问题的研究

分析了对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因,提出了用贴壁风来解决对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的办法,并用计算机对３００ＭＷ机组前后墙旋流燃烧对冲锅炉燃烧过程进行了不同工况下的数值模拟,包括改变一次风速度、二次风内外风量比例、内二次风旋流强度、贴壁风的位置和速度等,通过比较得到了较为可行的贴壁风布置方案     

对冲燃烧布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀问题的研究

分析了对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因,提出了用贴壁钢来解决对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的方法,并用计算机对３００ＭＷ机组前后墙施旋流燃烧对冲锅炉燃烧过程进行了不同工况下的数值模拟,包括改变一次风速度,二次风内外风量比例,内二次风旋流强度,贴壁风的位置和速度等,通过比较得到了较地的贴壁风布置方案。     

660MW超临界π型炉添加贴壁风模拟研究

针对某660MW超临界锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀存在的问题,使用FLUENT添加贴壁风进行了模拟。通过不同风速下的贴壁风模拟来寻找最优贴壁风风速,使得贴壁风覆盖半径大且对炉内燃烧影响小。模拟结果表明:冷态模拟下风率为4.47%时,既能很好的覆盖水冷壁受腐蚀表面,形成气体保护膜,又能最低程度对配风及炉内燃烧产生影响;热态模拟时,炉内的CO体积分数、H_2S体积分数都大范围降到安全值以下,添加贴壁风后高温火焰位置上升,但炉内最高点温度及高温区域面积基本没有变化;贴壁风添加后SO_2生成量几乎没有变化,NOx的生成量有一定程度的增加,但增加量较小,在可以接受的范围内。     

混烧锅炉富氧燃烧的数值模拟

富氧燃烧会对煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧特性产生重要影响.以130 t/h煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉为研究对象,采用Fluent流体力学软件,对助燃气体(O2/N2)在3种不同氧气体积百分数(21％,23％,27％)工况下煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.模拟得到3种工况下:炉内的温度场分布,烟气流场特性,火焰长度.模拟结果表明:随着氧气浓度的增加,燃料着火速度更快,燃烧更稳定,出口烟温逐渐降低,炉内烟气流速逐渐减少,强化了炉内传热效果,提高了锅炉热效率.     

配风方式对四角切圆煤粉锅炉燃烧特性影响数值分析

借助CFD软件平台,利用Fluent对四角切圆煤粉锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行了三维稳态数值模拟,重点研究了二次风配风方式对炉内流动和燃烧过程的影响,探讨了不同配风方式下炉内流场、温度场、组分场的变化规律.结果表明:在均等配风、正宝塔配风、倒宝塔配风三种配风方式中,正宝塔配风为最佳配风方式.它不仅能保证炉内具有较好气流充满度和下二次风风速,利于煤粉与空气的混合与燃烧,减少炉渣中的可燃物含量,而且能够保证高温火焰位于燃烧区的中心位置,延长煤粉到炉膛出口的距离.研究结果对锅炉运行、设计和改造具有理论指导意义.     

330MW四角切圆锅炉低NO_x优化改造数值模拟

针对某电厂330MW四角切圆锅炉NOx排放质量浓度高、炉内结渣严重的问题,提出基于多空气分级低氮燃烧技术的燃烧器改造方案,运用FLUENT软件对改造前后锅炉燃烧状况进行数值模拟.分析计算和试验数据得出:改造后,浓相一次风反切对炉内燃烧有一定影响,煤粉气流对水冷壁冲刷减弱,结渣现象明显改善;煤粉着火稳燃得到强化,主燃区CO质量浓度增大,炉内还原性气氛增强;燃尽区下部形成的NOx还原区对降低NOx排放质量浓度有积极作用;炉内最高温度下降80℃左右,NOx排放质量浓度降幅达47%左右.     

卧式燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料的燃烧系统数值模拟

本文应用计算流体力学软件,对卧式燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料的燃烧系统进行了详细的数值模拟,包括二次风不同喷嘴角度,一二次风不同配比,二次风位置交错布置等情况炉膛内流场的分布情况,针对DZL4-1.25-AⅡ型锅炉进行模拟,并对模拟结果进行了理论分析,在模拟计算条件下喷嘴角度取30°,一二次风配比取7:3,喷嘴交错布置,一侧距离前墙1.4 m,另一侧距离前墙1.7 m时炉内流场达到最佳状态.本文的研究能为此类改造工程中燃烧系统的优化提供参考.     

200 MW四角切向燃烧煤粉炉炉内过程的数值模拟

借助FLUENT CFD软件平台，应用Eulerian/Lagrangian方法，在3种不同工况下，对200MW四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉内的流动、传热及燃烧进行了数值模拟。为减小数值伪扩散的影响，采用了改进网格系统的措施。模拟结果表明：炉内最高温度出现天燃烧器区域，随着炉膛高度的增加，温度逐渐降低；整个炉膛空间存在旋转流场，从下至上旋转强度从弱到强，然后再逐渐减弱，直到炉膛出口仍存在残余旋流；炉内CO、O2和CO2的质量浓度分布与温度分布有很大关系，高温区对应着高的CO质量浓度和低的O2、CO2质量浓度。数值模拟结果为锅炉的运行和改造提供了参考依据。     

200 MW四角切圆锅炉燃烧器浓淡比对NOx排放影响的数值研究

以某热电厂200MW四角切圆浓淡煤粉燃烧锅炉为对象,通过数值模拟获得了该炉最大连续出力工况(BMCR)下炉膛内的流场、温度场及炉膛出口的NO_x浓度,并进一步通过数值模拟探讨了改变水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器浓淡比时对炉内燃烧及NO_x生成情况的影响.数值结果表明:在BMCR工况下,计算值与实际运行的在线仪表的记录值基本一致;当浓淡比增大时,NO_x生成量并不是单调的,而是先降低后升高;其中最佳浓淡比为5∶1,且在此基础上采用"缩腰型"配风有助于进一步降低NO_x生成量.其计算结果可供同类锅炉实际运行时参考.     

600 MW“W”型火焰锅炉NOx的排放特性

以某电厂1台超临界600 MW”W”火焰锅炉NOx排放量过高为背景,对锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行数值模拟,研究不同负荷、不同煤种及不同配风方式对NOx排放量的影响.研究结果表明:不对称停运前后拱燃烧器会使NOx排放量升高,NOx排放量随燃料中N质量分数增大而增大；当前、后拱上气流或前后墙分级风量不同时,会使得NOx排放量升高.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.