“高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室”柴油机的高原排放特性

为了研究"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"柴油机的高原排放特性,运用AVL Fire对某高原柴油机改用"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室",并进行在海拔4500 m的模拟燃烧.结果表明:相对于原型ω燃烧室,"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"能够同时降低NOx与碳烟(SOOT)排放量.为了进一步优化"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"的高原排放性能,设置了不同的径深比、高低涡流室半径比与不同的喷油夹角,进行计算.结果表明:在计算范围内,随着该型燃烧室的最大径深比的增大,NOx排放量先下降后上升,SOOT排放量先上升后下降;随着高低涡流室半径比的增大,柴油机的NOx排放量先降低后增大,而SOOT排放量一直下降;随着喷油夹角的升高,该燃烧室的NOx排放量先下降后上升再下降,最后再升高,呈W形趋势,而SOOT排放量则先升高,后降低.研究结果为用于高海拔地区的"高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室"提供了设计参考.     

缸内高压直喷天然气发动机的怠速排放特性

以一台缸内高压直喷天然气发动机为对象,在不同柴油轨压力及天然气喷射提前角条件下对CO、HC及NOx的排放量进行试验研究.结果表明:当发动机处于怠速运转,天然气在上止点附近喷入气缸时,3种轨压力下CO排放量的差异较小;当天然气喷射提前角推迟到上止点后一定角度时,CO的排放量随着柴油的轨压力升高而降低,当天然气喷射提前角提前到上止点前一定角度时,CO排放量则呈现出相反的变化趋势;随着天然气喷射提前角增大,3种轨压力下CO的排放量均降低;HC排放量随着柴油轨压力的升高而增加,随着天然气喷射提前角的增大而降低,且当柴油轨压力从18 MPa升到24 MPa时,HC的排放量增幅较大;NOx的排放量随着柴油轨压力的提高而升高,随着天然气喷射提前角的增大而升高,且当柴油轨压力从12 MPa升到18 MPa时,NOx的排放量增幅显著.     

污泥燃烧过程中NOx排放特性的实验研究

在立式管式炉上进行了石化污泥和市政污泥的燃烧实验,研究了含水率、燃烧温度和污泥类型对于NOx排放特性的影响.通过控制干燥时间得到了不同含水率的污泥.研究结果表明,在含水率为5%~35%的范围内,石化污泥和市政污泥燃烧过程中的NOx排放量均随着含水率的升高而降低;在温度为700~900℃的范围内,两种污泥燃烧过程中的NOx排放量则随着温度的升高而增加;石化污泥的金属氧化物含量更高,使得在燃烧过程中的NOx排放量更大.并从NOx的生成机理上对这些结论作了具体的分析,解释了不同因素对NOx排放量的影响.     

燃烧调整对炉内温度分布及NOx排放的影响

采用具有三维温度场可视化监控系统的300 MW四角切圆燃煤锅炉,研究燃烧调整对炉内温度分布和NOx排放规律的影响.结果表明,总风量调整、总燃料量扰动、燃烧器摆角调整、层间燃料量调整、燃烧器不同组合以及单层燃烧器燃料调整直接影响炉内沿高度方向的温度场分布、NOx的排放量、飞灰含碳量和辐射能.NOx排放量与实时炉内温度分布密切相关,这与已逐渐成熟的NOx生成机理的研究结果一致.     

基于改进粒子群算法的电站锅炉NOx排放预测控制及优化

基于支持向量机算法建立锅炉NOx排放模型,并利用实炉热态数据对模型进行校验.应用一种改进的粒子群优化算法对锅炉运行参数进行优化,并与一般线性粒子群优化算法进行对比.研究结果表明,NOx排放量明显降低,且改进的优化算法收敛性更好,为锅炉NOx排放的预测控制提供了更好的方式.     

含醇汽油的燃烧与排放特性对比试验研究

为研究汽油分别掺混甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇和异丙醇-正丁醇-乙醇(IBE)的燃烧与排放特性,在1台进气道喷射型点燃式发动机内分别将不同醇体积分数和不同工况下的含醇汽油进行对比试验研究。研究结果表明:含醇汽油的燃烧相位比纯汽油的燃烧相位提前且随醇体积分数增大更提前,故应推迟点火;含醇汽油的有效热效率除IBE(异丙醇-正丁醇-乙醇)外均下降,而有效燃油消耗率均升高,IBE-汽油的有效燃油消耗率最低;含醇汽油的CO排放在稀燃时随当量比增大而升高,与纯汽油相比,甲醇-汽油的UHC排放升高,而乙醇-汽油、正丁醇-汽油的UTC排放量降低,IBE-汽油的UTC排放量最低;含醇汽油的NOx排放量均比纯汽油的NOx排放量低,甲醇-汽油的排放量最低;相比纯汽油,IBE30的燃烧相位有较大提前,且IBE30与纯汽油的燃烧相位的差距随当量比(即可燃混合气中理论上可完全燃烧的实际含有的燃料质量与空气质量之比)和平均有效压力的增大而减小,有效热效率略高,CO,UHC和NOx排放量均较低;IBE有望成为良好的汽油代用燃料。     

立体分级低氮燃烧技术在恒运电厂2×210MW锅炉上的应用

通过对2?10MW的锅炉机组进行燃烧器和燃尽风的改造技术实现燃料的水平分级和空气的竖直分级,并针对不同的二次风配风方式和燃尽风的份额条件下的燃烧过程进行了实验研究。根据测量结果分析可见,改造前烟气中NOx排放量为550mg/m3,改造后的锅炉机组,实测的烟气中NOx排放量可降到230 mg/m3,降低了约58%（折算到O2=6%）。NOx的排放量与煤粉喷口周围的还原性气氛相关,该部分的空气量影响了燃料N的转换过程。对煤粉的空气分级燃烧技术,存在一个最佳的燃尽风份额,可以促使NOx的排放浓度达到最低的水平。     

天然气再燃过程与排放特性数值研究

应用CFD计算软件FLUENT6.1,对煤粉炉天然气再燃烧过程进行了数值模拟.分析了不同再燃烧工况下,NOx、CO2、CO等污染物的排放量及飞灰含碳量与煤粉炉热效率之间的关系.结果表明,天然气再燃技术能够有效地降低NOx的排放量,且燃料燃烧充分,煤粉炉热效率较高.给出了在保证煤粉炉较高热效率前提下,有效降低NOx排放的天然气再燃量、天然气投射位置以及再燃烧区过量空气系数.NOx排放浓度的计算值与试验值的变化趋势基本保持一致,表明计算方法可用于工程实际.对现有锅炉进行一定的结构改造,通过天然气再燃可达到高效降低NOx排放的目的.     

燃烧调整对330MW锅炉NO_x排放的影响

对燃煤锅炉Nox生成机理的三种类型分析的基础上,结合1018t/h锅炉的热力试验数据进行逐项影响因素研究。得出锅炉在进行燃烧调整过程中二次风箱与炉膛压差、配风方式、氧量、磨煤机组合运行方式等因素对NOx排放量的影响情况。在不影响锅炉效率的情况下,对燃烧进行调整优化,从而来达到减少NOx排放的目的。     

供油提前角对发动机燃用B20的性能影响

建立了基于AVL Fire的 WP10.340E32柴油机喷雾和燃烧的仿真模型,研究供油提前角对柴油发动机燃用B20生物柴油-柴油混合燃料时扭矩、燃油消耗率和 NOx 排放量的影响。研究表明,随着提前角的增大,发动机扭矩逐渐增大,动力性增强;燃油消耗率略有降低;NOx 排放量有所增加。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.