地震引起的货物列车脱轨全过程计算

为确保地震作用下货物列车在脱轨瞬间及时停车,建立地震作用下列车-轨道系统空间振动计算模型,并提出地震作用下列车脱轨全过程计算方法;以9~10级地震烈度下的强震为研究对象,分别计算货物列车以不同车速在直线和曲线线路上的脱轨全过程,分析轮轨几何接触状态及其相对位置.结果表明:地震烈度及车速对转向架与钢轨横向相对位移影响明显,而对转向架摇头角影响较小;曲线轨道对转向架与钢轨横向相对位移、转向架摇头角影响均较大;转向架与钢轨横向相对位移及转向架摇头角最大值分别为155 mm和4.6°.这些数据可为列车脱轨检测装置的研发提供参考.     

客运列车曲线超速引起的脱轨全过程计算

为研究客运列车因曲线超速引起的脱轨规律,基于列车-轨道系统空间振动计算模型,建立客运列车-曲线轨道系统空间振动计算模型。基于该模型,根据列车脱轨能量随机分析方法,提出客运列车曲线超速引起的脱轨全过程计算方法,计算不同曲线半径、外轨超高下列车超速引起的脱轨全过程,分析轮轨接触状态及其相对位置。研究结果表明:据脱轨系数和轮重减载率难以判定客运列车超速时是否脱轨;脱轨车辆位于编组前部,在脱轨前及时预警十分必要;随着曲线半径、外轨超高增大,列车脱轨速度随之增大,脱轨瞬间转向架与钢轨横向相对位移也随之增大;并考虑安全系数1.25,得到转向架与钢轨横向相对位移最大为60.2 mm,这可为研发客运列车曲线超速脱轨报警装置提供参考。     

洪涝灾害引起的货物列车脱轨全过程分析

基于列车-轨道系统空间振动分析理论,考虑洪涝灾害的影响,建立洪涝灾害条件下列车-轨道系统空间振动分析模型。根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的"对号入座"法则,建立此系统空间振动矩阵方程。运用列车脱轨能量随机分析理论,提出洪涝灾害条件下列车脱轨全过程计算方法,分别对该条件下直线和曲线路段列车脱轨全过程进行计算和分析。研究结果表明:洪涝灾害引起的货物列车在直线和曲线路段脱轨时转向架摇头角分别为0.20°和0.27°,转向架与钢轨之间的横向相对位移分别为52.8 mm和48.1 mm,相比直线路段,列车在曲线路段更易脱轨。这些研究结果可为研发机械式的列车脱轨报警器提供重要的理论依据和技术参数,进而确保该报警器能在列车脱轨时立即发出报警,使列车及时停车。     

基于电磁增粘装置的列车曲线通过安全性研究

针对列车曲线通过安全性问题,设计了一种电磁增粘装置,通过增大轮轨间的垂向电磁吸力来增加轴重,从而改善列车曲线运行过程中的轮轨粘着关系,保障列车安全运行。在SIMPACK中建立CRH2型车动力学模型进行仿真分析,结果发现随着励磁电流的增加,列车曲线通过性明显改善。励磁电流的增大可以明显降低四个车轮的脱轨系数与轮轨垂向力和横向力,降低对钢轨的冲击力。在速度250～300 km·h~(-1)的高速运行工况情况下,装有电磁增粘装置的转向架对脱轨系数的改善效果明显,脱轨系数降低6%左右。     

有砟及无砟轨道结构对货物列车运行安全性的影响

基于列车-有砟及无砟轨道系统空间振动计算模型,采用列车脱轨能量随机分析方法,分别计算货物列车在有砟、无砟轨道上的脱轨全过程,得出2种车轨系统横向振动极限抗力作功及其动力响应,分析货物列车的运行安全性、2种车轨系统的空间振动特性。研究结果表明:与有砟轨道相比,无砟轨道的抗脱轨能力最大可提高45.9%,车速为90 km/h时无砟轨道上车体竖向Sperling平稳性指标、轮对横向力、轮轨竖向力分别减小73.5%,22.1%和27.3%;无砟轨道各部件横向位移、加速度均小于有砟轨道相应值,而钢轨竖向位移大于有砟轨道相应值,但由于无砟轨道竖向位移主要由扣件承担,导致钢轨传至道床板的竖向位移衰减75.3%;无砟轨道各部件竖向加速度均大于有砟轨道相应值,产生的振动、噪声对周围建筑影响更大。建议在重载铁路新线设计中优先采用无砟轨道,但应采取减振降噪措施。     

焦柳线酉水大桥上货物列车脱轨分析

结合自动控制理论，研究了桥上列车脱轨的力学机理，发现桥上列车脱轨是列车-桥梁时变系统横向振动丧失稳定的结果。根据桥上列车脱轨能量随机分析理论，对焦柳线酉水大桥上货物列车是否脱轨进行了计算和分析，并得到了列车脱轨时此系统振动响应的时程曲线；同时，提出了该桥在不采取加固措施的条件下预防列车脱轨的限速建议值，该值与该桥实车振动试验所确定的限速值一致。最后，指出我国《铁路桥梁钢结构设计规范》中制订连续钢桁梁桥横向刚度限值时存在的问题，论证了按列车脱轨能量随机分析理论重新制订桥梁横向刚度限值的必要性。     

基于货物列车抗脱轨安全度的重载铁路轨道结构强化措施评价

根据重载铁路货物列车-轨道系统(FTT系统)横向振动稳定性分析方法,提出基于货物列车抗脱轨安全度的重载铁路轨道结构强化措施评价方法,分析并量化提高钢轨等级、采用III型轨枕、强化扣件及道床等轨道强化措施对货物列车抗脱轨安全度的影响。研究结果表明:与提高钢轨等级相比,采用III型轨枕对列车抗脱轨能力、临界车速及容许极限车速的影响更大;强化扣件或道床均可大幅度提高列车抗脱轨能力、临界车速及容许极限车速,但当扣件和道床的横向刚度分别大于120 MN/m和15 MN/m时,货物列车抗脱轨安全度提升幅度较小;上述轨道强化措施均能改善行车平稳性,但强化道床对行车平稳性影响较小。轨道强化措施具有提高货物列车抗脱轨安全度的功能,且本文提出的评价方法能够反映列车抗脱轨信息,可为轨道强化措施的评价和制定提供参考。     

重载铁路轨道刚度对货物列车抗脱轨安全度的影响

为确定具有预防货物列车脱轨功能的轨道刚度合理值,基于列车轨道系统空间振动计算模型及列车脱轨能量随机分析方法,提出了货物列车-轨道(FTT)系统横向振动稳定性分析方法,分析多组扣件及道床横向刚度组合下FTT系统抗脱轨能力、FTT系统横向振动稳定性及其振动响应的影响.结果表明:FTT系统抗脱轨能力、临界车速及容许极限车速随着扣件及道床横向刚度的增大均有大幅度提高,但当扣件和道床横向刚度分别增大至90和10 MN/m时,其提高幅度逐渐减小,且当扣件和道床横向刚度分别由120 MN/m增至150 MN/m、15 MN/m增至20 M N/m时FTT系统抗脱轨能力、临界车速及容许极限车速仅提高了3.9%,1.8%和1.8%;另外,增大扣件和道床横向刚度有助于减小轨道横向位移.考虑日趋紧张的重载铁路市场竞争,建议扣件横向刚度取90~120 MN/m,道床横向刚度取10~15 MN/m.     

重载铁路桥上货物列车脱轨预防措施

针对重载铁路常见桥梁结构特点,建立货物列车-轨道-桥梁系统(简称"FTTB系统")空间振动计算模型;按照列车脱轨能量随机分析理论,提出重载铁路FTTB系统横向振动稳定性分析方法。通过算例,计算圆形墩加固前、后FTTB系统横向振动稳定性及其振动响应。研究结果表明:算例中圆形墩加固后FTTB系统抗脱轨能力可提高50%;圆形墩加固前、后FTTB系统横向振动失稳临界车速分别为134.45 km/h和156.99 km/h,容许极限车速分别为107.56 km/h和125.59 km/h;圆形墩加固后货物列车以80 km/h车速过桥时平稳性有保证;与加固前相比,桥梁跨中和墩顶横向位移分别减小54.5%和83.8%。该分析方法能够同时反映货物列车脱轨信息和FTTB系统空间振动特性,可为桥上货物列车脱轨预防措施提供更加全面、科学的评价。     

带新型护轨的曲线轨道-列车系统振动分析

为了从理论上验证新型护轨在小半径曲线上的防脱、增稳和减磨作用,以列车-曲线轨道系统空间振动分析模型为基础,考虑新型护轨的结构特点及其与车轮、钢轨之间相互作用,建立带新型护轨装置的曲线轨道-列车系统空间振动分析模型.采用Fortran语言编制相应计算程序,利用现场试验结果验证本方法及程序的可靠性;分析新型护轨对系统空间振动响应的影响规律.计算结果表明:计算得出的护轨力分摊曲线外轨轮缘力比例达38.81%,与通过试验得到的新型护轨能够分摊33.3%~40.0%的曲线外轨轮缘力的结论相符;在试验工况及参数条件下,新型护轨可使车体、轮对及曲线外轨的横向位移分别减少28.62%,37.67%及14.64%,明显改善货物列车运行的平稳性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.