古塔变形的模型及预测

古塔是我国重点保护文物,为保护古塔,文物部门对古塔进行观测,了解各种变形量,以制定必要的保护措施,借用文物部门的4次观测数据,首先对1986年和1996年缺失数据进行补充,利用完整的数据拟合每层各测量点所在平面,将各点投影到平面上,得到每层各中心点坐标的通用模型.对中心点作线性拟合,利用中轴线与水平面法向的夹角得出度量倾斜的模型;对中心点作三次样条拟合,利用拟合曲线各点曲率得出度量弯曲的模型;利用拟合的相邻平面的旋转角得出度量扭曲的模型.最后使用MATLAB编程计算模型变形数据,可以检测古塔各层的变形情况,为文物部门制定相应的保护措施提供可靠依据,该模型也可以推广到其他建筑物的变形测量中.     

古塔的变形模型与预测

针对古塔的变形问题,根据所给的四年观测数据,利用塔层散点原始数据及其投影分别拟合确定古塔各层中心点的位置,根据观测点数据和中心点位置分析该塔的倾斜、弯曲、扭曲情况,关于时间作拟合,推测出未来古塔的变形趋势．     

关于古塔变形的研究

基于2013年高教杯数学建模竞赛C题完成的对古塔的变形情况进行研究,针对古塔的倾斜、弯曲、扭曲等方面进行研究分析,并建立相应的数学模型。首先利用给空间平面拟合法确定古塔各层中心位置的通用方法,求解出古塔各层中心坐标;其次计算古塔的倾斜程度以及弯曲、扭曲的变形程度。最后,分析古塔的变形趋势。根据所建模型,得出古塔的变形趋势,对古塔的保护具有很大的指导意义和使用价值。     

塔形建筑物轮廓点Z坐标点云倾斜监测方法

针对目前三维激光扫描技术对塔形建筑物的倾斜监测,普遍采用拟合点云数据提取塔体中轴线的方法计算塔体倾斜度,数据计算方案较为单一且无法逐层计算倾斜量等问题,为更好解决这一难题,提出新的基于激光扫描点云数据倾斜监测思路,一种基于轮廓点Z坐标倾斜监测方法。该方法通过提取塔檐轮廓点中Z坐标最大、最小值点,利用相关函数计算出各层倾斜度,引入权要素,计算整体倾斜量。以大雁塔为例,对三维激光扫描点云数据进行倾斜变形计算、对比分析。结果表明:2种方法计算结果相差约0.26%,基于轮廓点Z坐标倾斜监测方法切实有效;在明确塔体倾斜方向后,可直接提取沿该方向的塔檐对角点,作为Z坐标最大值最小值点参与倾斜量计算;该方法能快速计算出塔体倾斜量,有效提高工作效率,为三维激光扫描塔形建筑物倾斜监测提供一种新的数据处理方案。     

古塔的变形问题研究

中国古塔由于外界环境、时间变化、人为损毁等因素的影响而产生形变,变形的因素有很多,我们主要对古塔的变形量:倾斜、弯曲和扭曲这3个方面进行分析研究,对这些影响因素做更为精确的量化.利用每一层中心点构成的直线与原始的中心轴构建直角三角形,计算得出塔的倾斜角度,用倾斜角θ来量化古塔的倾斜程度.通过研究古塔每个顶点在地面的投影,利用计算机Mathmatica软件作古塔顶点集在地面投影的直线函数拟合,从而计算扭转后与扭转前两条直线的夹角α,用扭转角度来衡量古塔的扭曲程度.通过分析古塔倾斜角和扭曲度随着时间的变化情况,从而来估测n年以后古塔的变形情况.     

关于古塔的变形问题的分析

针对确定古塔各层中心位置的问题，作出古塔每层八角都是正八边形的假设，利用AutoCAD中massprop命令求八边形质心，即中心点坐标。以4次各层的中心坐标与Z轴坐标为基准，作出古塔的实际轴线和与地面垂直的实际轴线相比较，计算出古塔倾斜程度、弯曲度及扭曲角度。利用已求得的4次的古塔弯曲程度、扭曲程度及倾斜程度值，拟合成的对应函数呈递升趋势。     

古塔变形监测方法及数据分析

根据古塔的特点、现状,借鉴其他类似监测项目的测量经验,从理论分析、现有技术手段和可能的技术措施人手,对古塔建筑物平面位移和垂直位移的监测方法进行了对比,并运用相互校核的监测方法对古塔建筑物的倾斜做了详细阐述。利用平均间隙法原理,对监测网基点的稳定性进行了检验及分析,提出了基于回归平面的古塔变形的分析方法,结合塔体上监测点平面坐标及沉降量回归平面,从而确定沉降量及倾斜率。探讨了Trimble GX三维激光扫描仪在古塔建筑物变形监测中的应用,该仪器能够快速识别并捕获相关数据,弥补了传统变形监测的片面性和局限性。综合分析各种检测方法的检测结果,得出了可靠的结论。     

三维扫描技术在前卫歪塔纠偏工程中的应用研究

该项目的施工对象是号称"世界第一歪塔"的绥中县前卫歪塔,工程目的是减小歪塔倾斜度4°,以防止古塔因过度倾斜发生倾倒。在项目施工过程中,引入三维激光扫描技术且采用非接触式测量方法来对歪塔纠偏进行监控,利用高密度点云所形成的三维模型监控塔身整体结构,并从整体到细部监控歪塔各层面上的形变与扭曲程度。利用三维激光扫描技术进行非接触测量不仅不损坏文物,而且利用"点云拟合平面"方法来监控并指导歪塔纠偏,避免了以往接触式测量的条件限制与不利影响,该技术方法的数据采集速度快,作业效率高。     

基于空间直线拟合的古塔变形趋势研究

采用粒子群算法求出古塔各层的中心点坐标,并对塔层中心进行空间直线拟合.根据拟合直线的方向向量算出塔体每年偏转角度的近似值.对塔层中心的投影点作直线拟合,以投影点在拟合直线上的疏密程度判断塔体局部弯曲程度;以投影点偏离拟合直线的远近及分布判断塔体局部的扭曲程度.研究结果为古塔变形趋势研究提供了新方法.     

基于Matlab对古塔变形趋势探究的数学模型

通过对具有上千年历史某古塔的不连续4年数据的分析和处理,以曲线拟合为基础,对变形观测数据进行分析处理,求解出每层中心坐标。利用中心坐标,计算古塔倾斜度、曲率、扭曲夹角等指标分析古塔变形情况,用灰色预测法建立古塔的倾斜度的预测方程模型。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.