一种SINS/GPS紧组合导航系统的改进自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法

针对自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法中系统噪声协方差矩阵与量测噪声协方差矩阵不能同时被估计的问题,提出了一种改进的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法.该算法基于残差,主要对滤波算法中的自适应估计器进行改进,改进后可以实时估计系统噪声.基于该算法,设计了新的滤波器并应用在SINS/GPS紧组合导航系统上,可随着系统中噪声的变化而自动地调节协方差矩阵.最后,分别用扩展卡尔曼滤波和改进的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波对SINS/GPS紧组合模型进行仿真,结果表明改进的自适应的扩展卡尔曼滤波比扩展卡尔曼滤波的定位误差与测速误差更小,滤波的稳定性更好.      

GPS静态单点定位的滤波算法比较

针对目前利用低成本全球卫星定位系统(GPS)进行静态单点定位精度较差的问题,分别将卡尔曼滤波、粒子滤波和扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波理论应用于其中.对两组由不同GPS-OEM板构成的单点定位系统实测的经纬度和海拔高度数据进行了滤波处理,并对不同滤波算法的效果作出了比较与分析.分析结果表明,滤波后定位精度有了明显提高,3种滤波算法中扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波的滤波效果最好,粒子滤波次之,卡尔曼滤波效果一般.实验结果为提高低成本CPS静态单点定位系统的定位精度提供了一种有效的解决方案,同时也对各滤波器理论上的滤波效果进行了验证.     

GPS/BDS组合系统中粒子滤波算法

为了解决传统单一卫星导航系统存在的可靠性低和定位精度差等问题,在分析单系统导航定位原理及GPS/BDS组合导航定位解算的基础上,引入标准粒子滤波（PF）算法和高斯粒子滤波（GHPF）算法对组合系统进行定位解算,并对不同滤波算法做出了比较和分析。仿真结果表明,粒子滤波的滤波效果优于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。     

卡尔曼滤波在GPS制导火箭弹中的应用

针对直接采用全球定位系统(GPS)测量弹道误差较大的问题,该文提出应用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法进行弹道测量。采用火箭弹弹道模型和GPS误差模型,建立卡尔曼滤波系统状态模型和以伪距为观测量的系统测量模型,推导并分析了相应的滤波公式,并对GPS动态定位的数据进行滤波。理论分析和仿真结果表明,GPS测量的位置误差和速度误差具有随机性,且误差幅度较大,采用卡尔曼滤波算法后,弹道的位置估计误差和速度估计误差分别降低到观测误差的1/3和1/4左右,而且滤波收敛速度快。     

UKF在车辆组合定位技术中的应用

用一种新型的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF)代替传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF),对GPS/DR组合定位系统进行信息融合滤波。通过计算机仿真和分析后,结果表明无迹卡尔曼滤波算法UKF的滤波定位精度明显高于扩展卡尔曼滤波器EKF,而且UKF对由于系统非线性所引起的滤波误差有很好的抑制作用,因此UKF算法对于要求高精度、低成本和高可靠性的GPS/DR组合定位系统来说是一种值得推广的滤波算法,具有一定的应用价值。     

非高斯噪声下的车载GPS信号定位算法

针对车载GPS定位算法中卡尔曼滤波对异常的观测噪声非常敏感,严重影响车载GPS定位的精度问题,应用Bayes定理,给出观测噪声服从污染正态分布的Bayes滤波算法。研究结果表明:该滤波算法能够有效地抑制异常噪声对车载GPS定位算法的影响;实例解算结果验证了该算法的有效性和可靠性。     

新型GPS动态定位自适应卡尔曼滤波方法

为了获取GPS卫星的信号及定位数据的真实值,减小信号传播中因各种因素混入的随机误差对定位精度的影响,通过应用运动载体"当前"统计模型,取速度和位置为观测量建立GPS动态定位模型,将观测量维数增大1倍,从而增加了系统的可观测性和定位测算精度.此外,针对传统标准卡尔曼滤波法在动态滤波方面的不足进行了分析,提出了改进型Sage自适应卡尔曼滤波法.该方法在递推和滤波过程中不断地修正模型参数,始终保持噪声模型接近于真实模型,从而避免了标准卡尔曼滤波法中因建模不准确可能导致的滤波发散等问题,较好地解决了GPS动态定位中状态变量维数与滤波快速性之间的矛盾,以及状态噪声和观测噪声建模不准确和时变的问题.     

基于ARM的多GPS实时定位算法

为了在资源有限的嵌入式平台上实现低成本和高精度的实时定位,提出了基于ARM Cortex处理器,采用多个普通GPS(global positioning system)提高实时定位精度的算法。通过对多个普通GPS采集到的实时数据进行融合和卡尔曼滤波处理,将得到的定位数据和系统引入作为参考的高精度GPS定位数据进行比较,由特性曲线验证多个普通GPS数据经融合滤波后,发现定位精度有明显提高。该算法具有运算复杂度低、运算时间短的优点,能有效地应用于嵌入式平台,满足低成本和高精度的实时定位要求。     

基于GPS和Zigbee融合的无缝定位方法研究

针对GPS在复杂环境下的定位功能受到限制的问题,提出了利用GPS和Zigbee进行组合定位的无缝定位方法,并采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器来解决2个不同传感器之间的数据融合问题,实现了2种定位方式之间在复杂环境下的无缝切换,可应用在某些GPS信号受限的定位场合.实验表明,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波对融合后的GPS和Zigbee信号轨迹进行处理后,算法过程稳定,能有效地提高系统的定位精度、覆盖度和实时性.     

基于位置指纹的室内定位算法研究

位置指纹定位技术因定位精度更高、更具可实施性等特点,成为了当前室内定位技术的主流方法.针对室内定位中环境复杂多变和存在噪声干扰等问题,采用卡尔曼滤波算法进行滤波处理,提升定位精度和算法稳定性;为了凸显卡尔曼滤波算法在定位算法中较好的去噪效果,同时采用最小二乘法和卡尔曼滤波算法估算目标节点坐标,从MATLAB仿真结果分析推断定位算法的真实性能以及引入卡尔曼滤波算法去噪处理后对于定位精度的影响.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.