A Network-Based VPN Architecture Using Virtual Routing

A network based Virtual Private Network (VPN) architecture by using fundamental routing mechanism is proposed. This network is a virtual overlay network based on the relay of IP-in-IP tunneling of virtual routing modules. The packet format employs the encapsulation of IPSec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload), an impact path code and an extended DS (Differentiated Services) code to support multi-path routing and QoS. Comparing with other models of VPN, this network system can be deployed in the current network with little investment, and it is easy to implement. The simulation result shows its performance is better than the traditional VPN system of black box mode.     

Prediction of Perceived Air Quality for Personalized Ventilation Systems

The characteristics of the air jet from the outlet of a personalized ventilation system were related to the perceived air quality and ventilation rate. The perceived air quality was expressed as percentage of dissatisfied people for a system supplying isothermal fresh air. The relationship was verified using a thermal manikin with a breathing function in a climate chamber sitting by a desk equipped with a personalized ventilation system. A trace gas was introduced into the climate chamber and fully mixed. The personal exposure effectiveness (ep) is based on concentrations of trace gas in the chamber and in the manikin nose which is affected more by the distance between the movable outlet and the occupant‘s breathing zone than by the personalized air flowrate and does not change much for the personalized air flowrate higher than 10 L/s when the distance is fixed. Some predicted dissatisfied values for a personalized ventilation system compared with those acquired in human subject experiments have an absolute difference of less than 3%.     

Analysis of carbon isotope in phytoliths from C3 and C4 plants and modern soils

The analysis of carbon isotope in phytoliths from modern plants and surface soils in China shows that the values of carbon isotope are consistent with those from C3 and C4 plants,and the processes of photosynthesis of the original plants can be clearly identified by carbon isotope in phytoliths.The value of carbon isotope varied from -23.8‰ to -28‰,with the maximum distributed in the latitude zone from 34° N to 40° N in North China and East China areas,and the minimum in the Northeast China and South China regions.The values of carbon of phytoliths tend to increase from low to high and then reduce to low value again as the latitude increases.In the same latitude zone,the carbon isotope in phytoliths from grassland soil under the trees is obviously lower than that from grassland soil without any trees with the difference of 1‰-2‰.     

Combined Viterbi detector for a balanced code in page memories

Based on the two path metrics being equal at a merged node in the trellis employed to describe a Viterbi detector for the detection of data encoded with a rate 6 : 8 balanced binary code in page-oriented optical memories, the combined Viterbi detector scheme is proposed to improve raw biterror rate performance by mitigating the occurrence of a twobit reversing error event in an estimated codeword for the balanced code. The effectiveness of the detection scheme is verified for different data quantizations using Monte Carlo simulations.     

Integrated Joint Source-Channel Symbol-by-Symbol Decoding of Variable-Length Codes Using 3-D MAP Sequence Estimation

Most of multimedia schemes employ variable-length codes （VLCs） like Huffman code as core components in obtaining high compression rates. However VLC methods are very sensitive to channel noise. The goal of this paper is to salvage as many data from the damaged packets as possible for higher audiovisual quality. This paper proposes an integrated joint source-channel decoder （I-JSCD） at a symbol-level using three-dimensional （3-D） trellis representation for first-order Markov sources encoded with VLC source code and convolutional channel code. This method combines source code and channel code state-spaces and bit-lengths to construct a two-dimensional （2-D） state-space, and then develops a 3-D trellis and a maximum a-posterior （MAP） algorithm to estimate the source sequence symbol by symbol. Experiment results demonstrate that our method results in significant improvement in decoding performance, it can salvage at least half of （50%） data in any channel error rate, and can provide additional error resilience to VLC stream like image, audio, video stream over high error rate links.     

An Intelligent Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller Based on Multimodel Control Approach

A novel intelligent adaptive fuzzy PHD controller based on multimodel control approach is presented in this paper.It can improve the system performance of the dynamic time- varying system at various operating conditions.The fuzzy PHD controller is implemented by combining a fuzzy PI with a fuzzy PD controller in a parallel structure. The parameters of the fuzzy PHD controller are linked, via analytical derivation, to the gains of the linear PID controller. The sum of error square is used as performance criterion to locate the model that best reresents the process among the multiple models, The desired control output to drive the process along the desired path is generated only by modifying the output scale factots GU_I and GU_D of the fuzzy PID controller, Among the prescribed models, the control signal of the nearestmmodel to the system is applied. The system can be driven to its original trajectory because of the robustness of the fuzzy PID controller, Computer simulation results show that the adaptiv     

Analysis on the Spatio-Temporal Changes of Sustainable Land Use in Tibet

By constructing evaluation indicator system of sustainable land use of Tibet from three aspects of ecological environment, economic development, resources and social advancement, this article studies the following contents respectively in two dimensions of time and space： the changes of sustainable land use of Tibet in recent 20 years and spatial characteristics of sustainable land use of Tibet in 2002. The following conclusions can be drawn from evaluation results .① With regard to com- prehensive evaluation value of sustainable land use, the trend of Tibet sustainable land use evaluation values from 1983 to 2002 are very close to the comprehensive evaluation values of ecological environment, which is up trend; ② sustainable utilization degree of land use in eastern region of Tibet is much higher than that of western region. ③ the sustainable land use evaluation value of Nyingtri County is the highest, and the counties with relatively higher land sustainable use values include Lhasa, Lhoka, Chamdo. While Nakchu, Ngari, Shigatse counties have the relatively lower evaluation values; ④ By analyzing each evaluation indicator＇s weight on sustainable land use, it can be concluded that the key limiting factors of sustainable Tibet land resource utilization are land desertification, grassland degradation and low economic level.     

A greedy path planning algorithm based on pre-path-planning and real-time-conflict for multiple automated guided vehicles in large-scale outdoor scenarios

With the wide application of automated guided vehicles(AGVs) in large scale outdoor scenarios with complex terrain,the collaborative work of a large number of AGVs becomes the main trend.The effective multi-agent path finding(MAPF) algorithm is urgently needed to ensure the efficiency and realizability of the whole system. The complex terrain of outdoor scenarios is fully considered by using different values of passage cost to quantify different terrain types. The objective of the MAPF problem i...     

Colorization method based on the linear relationship assumption

A new local cost function is proposed in this paper based on the linear relationship assumption between the values of the color components and the intensity component in each local image window,then a new quadratic objective function is derived from it and the globally optimal chrominance values can be computed by solving a sparse linear system of equations.Through the colorization experiments on various test images,it is confirmed that the colorized images obtained by our proposed method have more vivid colors and sharper boundaries than those obtained by the traditional method.The peak signal to noise ratio （PSNR） of the colorized images and the average estimation error of the chrominance values relative to the original images also show that our proposed method gives more precise estimation than the traditional method.     

Influence of original microstructure on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength TRIP-aided steel

The transformation behavior and tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel (0.2C-2.0Si-1.8Mn) were investigated by different heat treatments for automobile applications. The results show that F-TRIP steel, a traditional TRIP steel containing as-cold-rolled ferrite and pearlite as the original microstructure, consists of equiaxed grains of intercritical ferrite surrounded by discrete particles of M/RA and B. In contrast, M-TRIP steel, a modified TRIP-aided steel with martensite as the original microstructure, containing full martensite as the original microstructure is comprised of lath-shaped grains of ferrite separated by lath-shaped martensite/retained austenite and bainite. Most of the austenite in F-TRIP steel is granular, while the austenite in M-TRIP steel is lath-shaped. The volume fraction of the retained austenite as well as its carbon content is lower in F-TRIP steel than in M-TRIP steel, and austenite grains in M-TRIP steel are much finer than those in F-TRIP steel. Therefore, M-TRIP steel was concluded to have a higher austenite stability, resulting in a lower transformation rate and consequently contributing to a higher elongation compared to F-TRIP steel. Work hardening behavior is also discussed for both types of steel.     

截断卷积码的重量枚举函数的计算

针对Turbo码和串行级联卷积码的好码搜索,提出了一种栅格合并方案实现卷积码的码重分布统计.该方案以起始的局部栅格经编码后所得的码重分布为基础,按照把栅格路径长度每次增加为原来的2倍的频率对栅格进行迭代合并,最终得到相应的全局码重分布.与传统的利用状态转移图计算卷积码的码重分布的方法相比,这种栅格合并方案在中、低交织时延下与传统方法的计算复杂度相当,但是省去了大量的预备工作,具有一定的实用意义.     

CRC辅助PC-polar码的新颖编码算法

针对奇偶校验极化(parity-check polar,PC-polar)码中奇偶校验码检错效率低而导致纠错性能不佳的问题,提出了一种循环冗余校验码辅助PC-polar码的新颖编码算法。用奇偶校验(PC)比特和高汉明权重的冻结比特替换低汉明权重的信息比特来优化极化码的距离谱,并结合5位循环位移寄存器优化PC码的校验函数,再在PC-polar码中加入检错效率较高的循环冗余校验(CRC)码,最后通过控制变量法确定了2种校验码的数量。仿真结果表明,该算法构造的CRC-PC-polar(CRC8,PC6)码在误块率(BLER)为10^-5时,与PC-polar码、CRC-polar码和segmented-CRC-polar码相比分别有0.4dB、0.1dB、0.2dB的净编码增益。由此可知,提出的算法能够改善PC-polar码的纠错性能。     

汉明码纠错检错能力分析与应用

在简要介绍汉明码编码原理的基础上,详细分析干扰对汉明码纠错的影响,对最佳奇权码的纠错与检错能力做了进一步的分析,为最佳奇权码在实际中的应用提供新的思路,具有很好的实用价值。最后介绍了最佳奇权码在容错存储器中的应用,能更好的提高存储器的可靠性。     

基于网格的缩短(38,26)BCH码的自适应维特比译码算法

针对伽利略搜救系统（Galileo/SAR）物理层协议中采用的缩短（38,26）BCH码,提出了一种自适应维特比译码算法（AVA）.文中给出了缩短（38,26）BCH码的最优网格,在此基础上,提出了AVA,该算法在维特比译码算法（VA）的基础上设计了一个丢弃门限,只保留最有可能的路径.丢弃门限值随着信噪比的变化,可以自适应调整,使得AVA在保持与VA几乎相同的误码率性能的基础上,尽可能地降低译码复杂度.同时,文中给出了丢弃门限的估计方法,并确定了不同信噪比下的最佳丢弃门限值.仿真结果表明具有最佳丢弃门限的AVA在保持与VA误码性能几乎相同的基础上,译码复杂度有着极大程度的降低,特别是在信噪比高时,译码复杂度下降得更加明显.      

MD4算法分析

采用比特追踪法对MD4进行攻击，利用差分特性，找到近似碰撞路线，使得给定一个消息m，可以以高概率找到另一消息m′产生碰撞，并保持较低的Hamming重量.     

基于纠错编码的回声隐藏音频水印算法

数字音频水印应用于版权保护、数字指纹、隐藏标识、保密通信等。水印误码率和归一化相关系数是衡量音频水印系统鲁棒性最重要的两个技术指标。实现方法之一的回声隐藏算法主要采用的汉明编码能有效降低水印误码率。但由于汉明码属于分组码且纠错位数只有一位,水印误码率仍然较高且对各种攻击的鲁棒性不够好。提出一种基于卷积编码的回声隐藏算法,将卷积编解码思想应用于回声隐藏算法中,利用卷积码的纠错能力降低水印误码率。结果表明:该算法较基于汉明编码的回声隐藏算法和传统回声隐藏算法降低了水印误码率,增强了音频水印系统对各种攻击的鲁棒性。     

基于改进STBC的MIMO系统容量分析

提出了一种改进的准正交编码,推导了四发一收系统中采用改进的准正交空时分组码的系统容量公式。比较了新编码方式和正交编码方式及TBH编码方式下信道的容量。结果表明,信噪较高时,改进后的编码方法的容量高于现有编码方案的信道容量。另外,仿真证明了新编码的信道容量在发送天线数一定时随信噪比和接收天线数的增大而增大。     

Turbo码的迫零研究

Turbo码在低信噪比(SNR)下能获得优异的性能，但是若不进行迫零处理，Turbo的性能可能会受到严重的影响．文中从迫零对Turbo码距离谱的影响，迫零在Turbo码中的作用进行了理论分析，提出了一种具自迫零特性的交织器的实现算法．并通过仿真验证了这种具自迫零特性的交织器的性能．对几种迫零方式的性能进行比较．仿真结果表明，该交织器表现的性能优于只对RSC1迫零的性能，迫零有助于Turbo码性能的改善．     

基于Galois理论的空时分组码

提出基于Galois理论的空时分组码(STBC)，该STBC是线性的，能够通过球形译码算法或任何干扰对消算法进行译码．仿真结果表明，基于Galois理论的STBC系统比正交STBC系统以及未编码系统的性能曲线要好，当SNR增大时，正交STBC系统以及未编码系统的BER与所提出STBC系统的BER之差值也增大。