考虑换道风险影响的城市快速路出口影响区车道管理

为优化城市快速路出口影响区的交通组织,降低出匝车辆的换道风险,提高交通运行的安全性和高效性,依托上海自然驾驶实验数据,提取城市快速路出口影响区出匝车辆的轨迹数据样本,建立出口影响区换道风险评价方法及分级标准;针对三种常见的快速路出口,考虑人、车和路域环境方面的综合因素,利用二项Logistic模型构建换道风险模型,分析不同因素对换道风险的影响程度,以及一定条件下车辆存在换道风险的概率;在此基础上,根据出口影响区的车辆运行信息和换道风险模型,控制换道风险在合理范围内,得到出匝车辆的合理（最迟）换道位置,并提出相应的城市快速路出口影响区的车道管理方法。     

融合改善型可行性检验模型的换道跟踪方法

现有的最小安全距离换道可行性检验模型通常默认周围车辆处于车道保持状态,且只考虑本车道和目标车道车辆对本车换道的影响,未讨论周围车辆处于车道变换状态或者相间车道车辆变道的影响。为建立更加安全、全面的换道可行性检验模型,实现安全自主换道,分析了车道变换的逻辑架构,重点研究了一种全面考虑周围（包括相邻车道和相间车道）车辆处于车道变换和车道保持状态的改善型换道可行性检验模型,保障车辆换道过程中不与周围车辆发生碰撞。使用基于模型预测控制（MPC）方法实现换道轨迹跟踪控制,设计仿真对比试验,通过PreScan和Simulink联合仿真对所研究的模型和方法进行验证。仿真结果表明提出的改善型换道可行性检验模型比对比模型更加安全高效,MPC控制方法的横向轨迹跟踪误差在1 cm以内,具有很高的跟踪精度。     

基于轨迹数据的高速公路养护维修作业区车辆换道特性研究

为了确保高速公路养护维修作业区人车安全、科学制定交通组织和管控措施,基于无人机航拍行车风险区域内高质量交通流视频,提取车辆运行轨迹数据以研究车辆换道特性.为克服将开启转向灯作为车辆换道起始点的不合理之处,提出根据车辆运行轨迹线与车道线之间的几何关系确定车辆换道起始点、结束点的方法;提出利用行车风险区各车道换道频数、频率热力图描述换道起始点空间分布的方法;建立二次回归模型,刻画分车道的车辆换道长度与换道起始点的关系.研究结果表明:封闭车道上的车辆需要全部换道,可通行车道上部分车辆也存在换道行为,且距封闭车道越近受影响越大,车辆换道率越高;各车道车辆换道行为存在横向延迟扩散现象,距离封闭车道越远的可通行车道上车辆换道频率高的区域出现越晚;随着换道起始点越来越靠近工作区,行车风险区域内车辆换道长度呈下降趋势,并且距封闭车道越远的可通行车道上车辆换道长度下降越明显.     

基于双车驾驶模拟的城市快速路驾驶人换道交互行为特征

为研究换道情境下换道车辆与目标车道后方车辆驾驶人间的交互行为,设计了城市快速路换道场景,搭建出双车驾驶模拟实验平台,招募40名驾驶人,开展了8种换道场景下的双车实验并进行驾驶风格问卷调查.基于换道阶段实验数据,分析对比了单、双车实验中两车驾驶人的交互行为特征和差异.利用多元Logistic回归模型,分析不同因素对换道交互决策的影响.结果表明：单、双车实验中,换道车辆和目标车道后方车辆的行为特征具有明显差异,从而验证了开展双车实验的必要性;不同的道路限速、换道方向、驾驶风格等因素下,两车驾驶人关键行为变量呈现差异性;道路限速、车辆初始速度、两车纵向位置差、横/纵速度差、纵向速度乘积等均对两车换道交互决策产生显著影响.     

公交进站换道行为对车头时距的影响

公交车进站换道行为属于城市道路上的常发性、强制性换道行为.为了探寻因其导致的公交站上游交通组织状态混乱的影响因素,定性分析了公交车进站换道行为的过程,并且借助实际调查数据,定量分析换道耗时、换道次数、离站路程、穿越车道数和交通量这5个因素与车头时距的关系.基于主成分分析法,建立了车头时距与上述5个因素的多元线性回归模型,模型检验效果良好,效果优于经验回归模型.结果表明:公交进站换道对车头时距的影响过程,第1主成分主要反映换道耗时,而换道次数不满足主成分要求,对车头时距影响相对不明显;除了离站路程与车头时距成反比,其余4个因素与车头时距均成正比,即在高峰时期,公交车进站换道位置离站越远,较少的换道耗时、换道次数、穿越车道数或交通量都有助于改善公交站上游车辆交通状况.     

基于车间通信的换道策略研究

针对道路交通系统中换道行为产生的干扰作用,提出了基于车间通信的两阶段车辆换道策略。基于NGSIM数据对普通车辆换道行为进行分析,建立两阶段换道模型。模型第一阶段考虑影响换道的六个影响因素,构建二元Logit模型,估计车辆换道概率;第二阶段利用安全条件确定车辆换道行为是否实施。对于互联车,在换道模型第一阶段考虑更加精确的实时交通状态信息,设计了对应的换道策略。通过数值模拟,分析不同换道策略对交通流的影响。结果表明,基于车间通信的换道模型考虑了本道和目标车道更多车辆的速度及位置信息,效用函数使得车辆的换道行为考虑了更大范围内平均车速和平均车距的因素,而不仅仅局限于最近邻范围内交通状态的局部效用,从而抑制了换道的频率及其产生的干扰,增加了道路交通系统的通行效率。     

高速公路冰雪湿滑路面车辆换道越线时间生存分析

通过同济大学驾驶模拟器采集高速公路冰雪低摩阻路面换道驾驶行为数据,通过生存分析方法对换道越线时间(TLC)分布特征进行研究,定量分析潜在因素对越线时间的影响,并建立越线时间Cox比例风险模型。结果表明,路面摩阻系数每升高0.1或车速每提高1 km·h-1,车辆在该时刻完成越线的风险率分别提高为原来的1.14倍和1.02倍,处于跟驰状态下的车辆完成越线的风险概率提高为原来的1.29倍,越线时间相应缩短;而换道初始位置每远离目标车道1 m,风险率降低为原来的0.23倍,越线时间延长。此外,不同换道方向下的换道越线时间无显著性差异。     

基于微观换道的高速公路双车道出口辅助车道长度研究

为研究辅助车道长度确定的基本原理和合理长度,采用无人机航拍视频及YOLOv3目标检测算法提取双车道出口辅助车道路段车辆的原始轨迹数据,通过卡尔曼滤波和Frenet坐标系转换,得到了车辆微观换道特性和速度分布特征。以修正双曲正切函数换道模型拟合换道轨迹,左、右换道拟合优度分别为97.48 %、97.62 %。根据路段车辆运行和微观换道特性,建立了双车道出口辅助车道长度计算模型,将辅助车道划分为右换道段、反应段、等待段和左换道段4个组成部分。研究表明：出口辅助车道长度中最主要的影响因素是换道长度,其与行驶速度正相关,和《路线规范》相比,明确了辅助车道最小长度的计算原理,界定了辅助车道的范围,为设计中灵活运用提供了参考。     

一种网络攻击下网联自动车的改进换道模型

网联自动车被认为可以提升交通效率、保证行车安全并节约能源,但是由于无线通信系统的开放性,网联自动车很容易受到网络攻击的威胁。现有的研究主要集中于网络攻击的种类及过程,并评估该攻击对车辆纵向行为的影响。本文旨在研究网络攻击对车辆横向行为的影响,即对网络攻击下的换道行为进行研究。通过对经典的跟驰模型智能驾驶员模型（Intelligent Driver Model, IDM）和经典的换道模型最小化换道总制动模型（Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes, MOBIL）进行改进,提出了一种扩展换道模型（Extended Lane-Changing model, ELC）,来对网络攻击影响下的车辆换道行为进行建模分析。最后通过仿真实验,说明了不同的恶意网络攻击对车辆换道行为的影响。结果表明,网络攻击会显著影响车辆的换道决策,并导致异常驾驶行为。     

基于模糊推理的驾驶员换道模型

以换道过程中目标车道跟随车为研究对象,对跟随车与换道车之间的交互行为进行分析,采用模糊推理技术进行建模;选取相对间距、相对速度、最迟换道距离、驾驶员性格等作为模糊推理系统输入变量,换道支持度为输出,构造3类不同换道方式的模糊规则,建立基于模糊推理的车辆换道模型。结果表明:根据模糊推理的特点设计的换道模型能够反映车辆驾驶行为的自主特性;通过改变交通流密度进行数值模拟分析发现,相比于强制换道和对称双车道元胞自动机模型,协作换道模糊推理模型提高了整个路段的交通流平均速度,减少了路段交通拥挤。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.