川西坳陷与库车坳陷变形特征的对比分析

对比分析了库车坳陷与川西坳陷的构造演化、变形区、变形层、滑脱层系，认为两者在构造变形方面存在明显差异。库车坳陷的应力特征以压性为主，横向上变形特征差异较小，纵向上由北向南变形强度逐渐减弱；川西坳陷的应力特征，在晚三叠世须四段一晚侏罗世蓬莱镇组时，表现为很强的扭动特征，构造变形在平面上变化较大，不同区块主变形期及变形特点差异明显，造成深坳陷及斜坡带断裂构造不发育，油气垂向输导作用较差。     

黔南坳陷节理发育特征及其对构造应力场转换的指示

通过野外地质调查,统计和分析黔南坳陷节理产状、几何样式及序列关系等,探讨古构造应力场特征.结果表明:根据节理切割及其与断层的先后关系,可将黔南坳陷节理组分为5个序列,NNE与SEE向"X"型平面共轭剪节理在加里东末期首先发育,在燕山晚期发育NW-NE方向共轭剪节理和NNE-NEE方向共轭剪节理,且前者发育时间先于后者, EW向节理在喜马拉雅期形成;构造应力场主方向经历了NEE-NS-NE-EW的先逆时针后顺时针的应力场转换;燕山期和喜马拉雅期在黔南坳陷构造应力场转换中起着重要作用.     

川西坳陷断裂活动期次、热流体性质和油气成藏过程分析

川西坳陷中生代陆相地层中的众多油气藏成因,与该坳陷由持续构造沉降折向脉动性隆升的重大构造逆转事件,以及隆升过程中多期次断裂活动和流体运动密切相关。通过对充填不同期次构造裂缝和溶蚀孔洞的次生石英和方解石标型特征、ESR年龄测定、流体包裹体均一温度、盐度和密度、沥青包裹体反射率,以及氧碳同位素分析的综合研究,结合众多前人研究成果,认为：该坳陷自早白垩世至中新世的断裂活动可划分为燕山晚期早幕(I期,125～110Ma)和晚幕(Ⅱ期,94～82Ma)、喜马拉雅早幕(Ⅲ期,63～53．7Ma)、喜马拉雅中期早幕(Ⅳ期,45～21.6Ma)和晚幕(V期,14．9Ma)五个主要期次;在渐趋开放的体系中,沿各期次构造裂缝运移的热流体以继承性发展演化的载烃油田水为主,但在Ⅱ期和Ⅳ期晚时混入有深部高盐度地层水;构造裂缝为油气运移、聚集和成藏作用提供了重要通道条件;相关的成藏过程为I期石油窗阶段,Ⅱ期原始油气藏阶段,Ⅲ期原生油气藏破坏和早期次生油气藏阶段,Ⅳ期次生油气藏主要成藏阶段,V期“浅层远源次生”天然气藏阶段,Ⅳ期和V期为最重要的2个关键成藏期。     

渤海湾地区中西部中生代构造特征及演化

应用周边露头资料、盆内钻井资料及地球物理资料,以板块构造理论为基础,以构造演化阶段论和活动论为指导,采用构造解析法对渤海湾地区中西部中生代各期构造变形场、构造应力场及沉积盆地进行了研究。研究结果表明,渤海湾盆地中西部中生界可划分为４个构造层：印支期构造层、燕山早期构造层、燕山中期构造层及燕山晚期构造层。成盆期主要经历了早中三叠世大型陆内坳陷盆地、早中侏罗世河湖沼相中小型坳陷盆地、晚侏罗世—早白垩世陆内小型裂陷盆地及晚白垩世隆起背景上形成的小型坳陷盆地等。造山期经历了印支晚期（Ｔ３）准造山作用、燕山早期（Ｊ２末）强烈造山作用及燕山晚期（Ｋ２）准造山作用３个演化阶段。中生代构造样式以挤压褶皱、逆冲构造及张性正断裂为主,其次发育横向调节构造。燕山运动早期对本区作用最大,奠定了本区北北东向的构造体系。中生代构造演化型式与欧亚板块东部的伊佐奈畸板块的相对运动方式密切相关     

库车坳陷秋立塔克盐构造形成过程物理模拟

通过采集新生界岩石样品、盐岩样品并测定样品的岩石力学参数 ,经过理论计算和实验 ,根据相似性原理 ,选择凡士林和松散的细沙为实验材料 .采用砂箱挤压模型 ,对库车坳陷西段秋立塔克盐构造形成过程进行模拟 .实验表明 :1在挤压构造背景下、边界条件合适可以形成库车坳陷西段秋立塔克盐枕构造 .2实验中 ,随着挤压量的不断增大 ,盐枕上覆地层逆冲变形强烈 ,局部地层甚至卷入盐层之中 ,而下伏地层的变形强度较弱 .盐岩本身的变形具有明显的塑性变形特征 ,与上下岩层的脆性变形明显不同 .3随着变形的逐渐加强 ,局部的逆冲断层在挤压背景下可发生反转 ,形成正断层构造 .     

库车坳陷秋立塔克盐构造形成过程物理模拟

通过采集新生界岩石样品、盐岩样品并测定样品的岩石力学参数，经过理论计算和实验，根据相似性原理，选择凡士林和松散的细沙为实验材料。采用砂箱挤压模型，对库车坳陷西段秋立塔克盐构造形成 过程进行模拟。实验表明：（1）在挤压构造背景下、边界条件合适可以形成库车坳陷西段秋立塔克盐枕构造。（2）实验中，随着挤压量的不断增大，盐枕上覆地层逆冲变形强烈，局部地层甚至卷入盐层之中，而下伏地层的变形强度较弱。盐岩本身的变形具有明显的塑性变形特征，与上下岩层的脆性变形明显不同。（3）随着变形的逐渐加强，局部的逆冲断层在挤压背景下可发生反转，形成正断层构造     

盐构造剖面的分层合并复原方法及应用

提出了盐构造区复原剖面制作的一种新方法——分层合并复原法,即将盐上、盐下和盐层分别复原,然后合并.与传统盐构造区复原剖面制作方法相比,该方法不需要进行均衡调整,减少了均衡调整计算中的误差,更符合实际变形情况.既可用于挤压区,也可用于伸展区;既可用于盐下复杂变形区,也可用于盐下简单变形区.理想情况下,还可通过对比两期复原剖面盐的面积,估算在此变形期间流入或流出剖面盐的面积.利用分层复原法制作的库车坳陷盐构造复原剖面反映出库车坳陷盐构造的发育经历了盐层及盐上层沉积期(65~23.3Ma)、盐构造初动期(23.3~1.64Ma)和盐构造定型期(1.64Ma以来)等3个发展阶段.     

对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆边界的新认识

对库车坳陷东部地区侏罗纪的湖盆边界作了界定,着重对库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆的北部边界进行了阐述,指出库如力—夏克阔坦东部是库车坳陷东部地区的沉积边界。     

库车坳陷北带断裂输导效率及其物理模拟实验研究

在分析断裂输导能力影响因素的基础上，建立了断裂输导天然气效率的评价方法，并用该方法从平面上对库车坳陷北带断裂输导天然气效率进行了评价，同时利用物理模拟实验再现了天然气的运聚成藏（或散失）过程，进而总结了该区断裂组合输导模式。研究结果表明，该区高、中、低效断裂输导体系的分布区域与天然气的分布具有较好的相关性，高效的断裂输导是库车坳陷北带天然气运聚成藏的重要条件。库车坳陷北带在垂向上主要有4种构造断裂输导模式，由盐下断裂与不直接连接圈闭的穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式和仅由盐下断裂构成的断裂输导模式是库车坳陷北带有效的断裂输导模式；而由盐下断裂与圈闭破坏断裂、穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式和仅由单一穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式是库车坳陷北带无效的断裂输导模式。     

济阳坳陷中生代负反转构造发育特征

以高精度三维地震资料和钻井资料为基础,综合运用构造解析、平衡剖面恢复、断层活动速率和反转强度系数等方法,对济阳坳陷中生代负反转构造发育特征进行分析.结果表明:济阳坳陷中生代负反转构造以断层反转为主要表现形式,走向以NW向为主,剖面上表现为断面延伸至新生界或隐伏于新生界之下2种类型.卷入地层可划分为挤压剥蚀层序(古生界)、压-张过渡层序(侏罗系)和拉张裂陷层序(下白垩统);负反转断层的主反转期为晚三叠世至早白垩世,断层活动强度相应经历了较大负值、较小负值和正值的变化;主反转期内反转强度系数为1～7,整体具有自北东向南西降低的趋势.     

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.     

库车坳陷西段第三系盐上层基底沉降分析

根据地震层速度资料与地层砂泥岩含量的关系,求得新生界各层砂泥岩含量,结合经验的和实测的其它必要参数,计算了库车坳陷西段第三系盐上层的总沉降和构造沉降。根据变化趋势,可将沉降曲线划分为两种类型:上凸型和下凹型,北单斜带为下凹型,其余构造带为上凸型,沉降曲线不同阶段沉降速度的变化充分反映了天山造山带与库车坳陷的盆山耦合作用。根据总沉降和构造沉降曲线的关系,上凸型沉降曲线又可进一步划分为两个亚类,第一亚类为构造沉降曲线与总沉降曲线协调变化;第二亚类为两者不协调变化,反映盐的流动特点,这种现象在克拉苏构造带的南亚带最明显。     

Abnormal overpressure distribution and natural gas accumulation in foreland basins, Western China

Abnormal overpressure occurs in the forelandbasins of Kuqa, South Junggar and West Sichuan in China.The pressure coefficients are high. Overpressure exists inwide areas and various strata. The layers of overpressurehave a very close relationship with lithology, and the area ofoverpressure is controlled by the piedmont depression. Themechanisms of overpressure formation in the Kuqa andSouth Junggar Depression include disequilibrium compac-tion and tectonic compression; the importance of these twofactors varies in different basins and in different stages of thesame basin. Different models of gas accumulation are estab-lished to explain the relationship between overpressure dis-tribution and gas pool formation, and the influence of over-pressure on the gas pools. These models include: (i) theviolent tectonic movement leads to the pool formation inoverpressure belt (Kela-2 gas field in Kuqa); (ii) the pres-sure releases at shallow part and the gas pool forms in latetime (Hutubi gas field in southern Junggar Basin); (iii)through the pressure transfer the gas migrates and accumu-lates (Xinchang gas field in Western Sichuan Basin).     

Controlling factors for large gas field formation in thrust belt of Kuqa coal derived hydrocarbon foreland basin

 Kuqa depression is a foreland basin developedwith Mesozoic-Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing formation. Theresearch results of the coal-derived hydrocarbon forelandbasins in Kuqa depression indicated that the coal-bearingformation can be the rich sources for generating gas becauseof their thickness and rich source rocks with gas-generatingpredominant kerogen. Although the foreland thrust beltmainly acting in compression is very complicated, integrallarge structural traps can be formed. Moreover, the thrustbelt can act as the passage for communication with deepsource rocks. The high quality gypsolish and gypseous mud-stone cap rock developed in the upper formation is the keyfor the formation of the large gas field. The late formation ofreservoirs in the large gas fields depended on the hydrocar-bon-generating history controlled by the foreland basin andthe developing process of foreland thrust belt.     

Controlling factors for large gas field formation in thrust belt of Kuqa coal derived hydrocarbon foreland basin

Kuqa depression is a foreland basin developed with Mesozoic-Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing formation. The research results of the coal-derived hydrocarbon foreland basins in Kuqa depression indicated that the coal-bearing formation can be the rich sources for generating gas because of their thickness and rich source rocks with gas-generating predominant kerogen. Although the foreland thrust belt mainly acting in compression is very complicated, integral large structural traps can be formed. Moreover, the thrust belt can act as the passage for communication with deep source rocks. The high quality gypsolish and gypseous mudstone cap rock developed in the upper formation is the key for the formation of the large gas field. The late formation of reservoirs in the large gas fields depended on the hydrocarbon-generating history controlled by the foreland basin and the developing process of foreland thrust belt.

     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中、新生代沉降特征探讨

应用回剥分析方法(Backstripping analalysis)选取有代表性的四条剖面地层,计算了库车盆地中、新生代地层的沉降速率和沉积速率,其中构造沉降在早三叠世、早白垩世、上新世分别达到32.45 m/Ma、37.35 m/Ma和59.82 m/Ma的高峰,沉积速率曲线也清楚的揭示了库车盆地在演化过程中沉降速率起伏变化的特点.结合地震剖面上的构造证据以及岩相古地理、古生物化石证据,分析了库车盆地在中生代以来的构造演化过程,认为库车盆地自中生代以来的构造活动经历了挤压,应力松弛,构造伸展,挤压,应力松弛,再挤压等六个构造活动阶段,说明了盆地演化过程中构造活动的阶段性.由盆地的沉降特点、构造的活动性质,分析认为库车盆地是由三叠纪早期的前陆盆地经历了中生代应力松弛、盆地伸展以及晚白垩世的挤压隆升和剥蚀,经过早第三世的海侵,在新生代再次复活,是再生的前陆盆地.     

Interaction of fluid dynamic factors in the migration and accumulation of natural gas

The migration of fluid petroleum gas, described as fluid potential, depends only on gravity, fluid pressure controlled by depression and capillary force during tectonically stable period; but on tectonic stress during the tectonically active period with severe compression. This method is applied in the Junggar Basin, showing that the migration of Jurassic gas during Cretaceous and Eocene and the migration of Permian gas from Jurassic till the present are determined by capillary force and fluid pressure (including overpressure) which is controlled by depression; the migration of Jurassic gas from Eocene till the present and the migration of Permian gas during Triassic are controlled by tectonic stress.     

塔里木盆地库车地区早第三纪伸展盆地的证据

库车坳陷早第三纪伸展构造的证据有三，一是盆地在早第三纪时虽然沉陷范围较大，但沉陷速率较低。其沉降速率与处于伸展构造环境的侏罗、白垩纪盆地相似，而与处于挤压构造环境的三叠纪前陆盆地和晚第三纪前陆盆地相去甚远；二是在盆地东部吐格尔明背斜的北冀与南面塔北隆起的下第三系砾岩中发育有高角度的同生正断层；三是在盆地下第三系地层中发现的灰质砾岩、含砾灰岩等海相沉积和海相腹足类化石及膏盐层均运离古南天山造山带分布，剖面上也不具有前陆盆地沉积典型的楔状沉积的特征，由此不仅说明本区早第三纪海侵的存在，而且还说明在早第三纪发生过伸展作用。     

南天山新生代隆升和去顶作用过程

利用磷灰石裂变径迹技术并结合库车坳陷的沉积和变形特征，对南天山的隆升和去顶作用过程进行详细的研究。南天山在中新世早期就开始了现代天山形成的隆升事件，根据样品的磷灰石裂变径迹结果，其隆升年龄为17～25Ma；而且此隆升事件是一快速隆升事件，隆升速率达到138．8～198．8m/Ma。中新世南天山隆升的南部边界并不是前人所认为的北部古生代地层和南部中新生代地层之间的冲断层，而是在南部的中新生代地层中。在库车坳陷的阳霞地区，隆升的界线位于吐格尔明背斜核部的韧性剪切带。通过库车坳陷的新生代沉积和变形特征的分析，提出了天山中新世以来的隆升与库车坳陷的沉积和变形特征存在很好的耦合关系。     

博格达山隆升对北三台地区构造形成与演化的控制作用

对博格达山前北三台地区大量二、三维地震剖面进行了分析与解释 ,并建立了该区的构造格架。北三台凸起是研究区的主体 ,构造特征可概括为一核、二坡、三鼻、四断和多条环形地层尖灭线。发育的断裂多为区域性的 ,由于受造山带隆升的影响 ,断裂的长期活动控制了地层的沉积及岩相的展布。对地震剖面和古地质图的分析表明 ,北三台地区的构造形成与演化受博格达造山带隆升产生的压陷挠曲作用控制。依据造山带隆升过程 ,将研究区的构造演化分为造山期压陷挠曲盆地发育阶段、弱挤压挠曲性质的陆内坳陷发育阶段、陆内坳陷压陷盆地发育阶段和再生前陆盆地发育阶段。其中海西运动晚期和燕山运动中期 (Ⅱ幕 )对研究区的构造格局起了定型作用