铜陵江段豚类资源与保护措施的研究

铜陵江段是长江下游唯一常年能发现白暨豹Lipotes uexillifer,且为长江江豚Neophocaena phcaenoides asaeorien-talis种群数量最集中，密度最大的江段，利用铜陵白暨豚养护场现有的条件，建立铜陵淡水豚自然保护区，在半自然水域中开展豚类人工饲养是保护白暨豚和长江江豚的有效途径。     

白鱀豚和江豚肌肉中某些有毒物质和重金属元素的初步分析

白鱀豚(Lipotes Vexillifer)和江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)均为水生哺乳动物,生活在长江中。白(?)豚食鱼,江豚以鱼类和其它水生动物为食。由于工业废水中有毒物质对长江的污染,水质中有毒物质通过食物链在白(?)豚、江豚体内积累。对白(?)豚和江豚肌肉中残留毒物的检测,可以反映长江相应江段水质的污染情况及其对此两种动物的影响;对白(?)豚和江豚肌肉中一些重金属元素的测定,可以探讨这些元素在这两种动物肌肉中的分布和积累情况。     

半自然条件下群体江豚的养护与行为观察

长江江豚目前数量不足 2 0 0 0头 ,由于长江生态环境的日趋恶化 ,其种群数量仍在进一步下降之中 ,拯救工作因此更为迫切。本文报道了 1 992年至 1 996年在我场半自然状况的夹江中生活的江豚群体的饲养和伤病防治工作以及生态行为观察结果。     

半自然水域中长江江豚饲养水体理化因子分析

通过对夹江和长江铜陵江段水质监测,分析夹江水质理化因子的季节性变化规律,并与豚池及长江铜陵江段的水质进行比较,结果表明半自然水域中长江江豚饲养水体质量基本与长江相似,年均值基本符合地表水Ⅱ类标准,仅A区部分受到轻度污染。     

基于水声学的长江重庆段南岸至长寿江段鱼类时空分布特征研究

研究长江重庆段四大家鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区(后简称长江重庆段四大家鱼保护区)南岸至长寿江段鱼类时空分布特征，为该江段的渔业资源管理和保护工作提供基础数据和科学依据。于2018年4月(春季)和2019年1月(冬季)在研究江段使用Simrad EY60回声探测仪进行了水声学探测。研究结果显示：长江重庆段四大家鱼保护区南岸至长寿江段的鱼类空间分布不均匀，在春季主要分布在主汊型江段和回水沱型的江段水体上层，在冬季主要分布在江中坝周围水体的底层和上层；此外有支流桃花溪汇入的观音滩江段中鱼类密度在春、冬季均较大，分别为3.65×10 -2 和8.10×10 -2 尾·m -3 。研究江段鱼类目标强度范围为-60～39 dB，相对应的鱼类体长范围为3.94～49.55 cm，且鱼类的平均体长在冬季略大于在春季。结合有关鱼类物种多样性调查数据和栖息生境分析可知，长江重庆段四大家鱼保护区南岸至长寿江段的鱼类时空分布特征主要与长江上游鱼类的种类特性、繁殖特性和栖息地生境密切相关。     

长江江豚迁地保护概述

长江江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides asaeorientalis)是江豚的扬子亚种,目前其种群数量已经不足1 400头,处于十分濒危的状况.其生态环境受到人为极大的影响,且在可预见的将来没有好转的迹象,因此,迁地保护长江江豚被认为是最有希望避免其灭绝的保护策略.目前,中国科学院水生生物研究所在室内豚池、石首天鹅洲白豚国家级自然保护区和铜陵淡水豚国家级自然保护区在半自然水域均构建了长江江豚迁地保护种群.该文概述了40多年来国内长江江豚迁地保护的成果及现状,探讨了今后开展迁地保护工作应注意的重点问题.做好长江江豚的保护工作,建立更多的迁地保护区是根本措施;开展长江江豚繁殖学研究是主要对策;规范和统一保护行动是有效途径.     

白鳍豚数量减少原因及保护

50年代至60年代长江中白鳍豚还较多,即使到70年代末和80年代初,还可在长江中下游见到大群大群的白鳍豚。据中科院水生所公布的调查结果:1986年,白鳍豚为300头,1986～1990年,白鳍豚种群数量仅为200头,到1995年白鳍豚的数社已不足100头了:据南京师范大学公布的调查结果:1982年白鳍豚的数量不到400头,1993年白鳍豚数量低于120头 1994年在南京师范大学召开的白鳍豚生存力分析国际会议讨论结果认为,白鳍豚如果不能得到有效保护,它将在今后25年左右的时间内灭绝 1997和1998年下半年由农业部渔业局组织的两次长江五省一市白鳍豚和江豚同步观测结果表明,白鳍豚已不足60头。     

长江江豚

江豚（Neophocaenaphocaenoides），是鼠海豚科仅有的一种，有3个亚种：分布于印度洋沿岸及香港的印度洋江豚；分布于长江、湘江和赣江的长江江豚；分布于韩国及日本的东亚江豚。     

长江江豚保护生物学研究进展

近年来研究表明长江江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)是江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides)的一个亚种,其种群数量明显减少,栖息地正在丧失。我国已有长江江豚30年饲养实践经验,建立长江豚类自然保护区,同时开展长江江豚饲养下的行为学与繁殖学研究,是保护本种积极有效的措施。     

建立铜陵淡水豚自然保护区考察研究

报道了铜陵江段白鱀豚 (Lipotesvexillifer )和长江江豚 (Neophocaenaphocaenoidesasiaeorientalis)资源现状及影响豚类生存制约因子 ,提出建立铜陵淡水豚自然保护区 ,加强栖息地保护 ,具有良好的生态效益和社会效益。     

Population status, threats and conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise

The Yangtze finless porpoise （Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis） is currently limited to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Yichang to Shanghai, China, and the adjoining Poyang and Dongting Lakes. Its population size has decreased remarkably during the last several decades due to the heavy impact of human activities, including overfishing of prey species, water development projects that cause attendant habitat loss and degradation, water pollution, and accidental deaths caused by harmful fishing gear and collisions with motorized vessels. It was estimated that the number of remaining individuals was down to approximately 1800 in 2006, a number that is decreasing at a rate as high as 5% per year. Three conservation measures - in situ and ex situ conservation and captive breeding have been applied to the protection of this unique porpoise since the early 1990s. Seven natural and two ＂semi-natural＂ reserves have so far been established. Since 1996, a small group of finless porpoises has been successfully reared in a facility at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; three babies were born in captivity on July 5, 2005, June 2, 2007 and July 5, 2008. These are the first freshwater cetaceans ever born in captivity in the world. Several groups of these porpoises caught in the main stream of the Yangtze River, or rescued, have been introduced into the Tian＇e-Zhou Semi-natural Reserve since 1990. These efforts have proven that, not only can these animals survive in the area, they are also to reproduce naturally and successfully. More than 30 calves had been born in the reserve since then, with one to three born each year. Taking deaths and transfers into account, there were approximately 30 individuals living in the reserve as of the end of 2007. Among eight mature females captured in April 2008, five were confirmed pregnant. This effort represents the first successful attempt at off-site protection of a cetacean species in the world, and establishes a solid base for conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise. A lesson must be drawn from the tragedy of Chinese River Dolphin （Lipotes vexillifer）, which has already been declared likely extinct. Strong, effective and appropriate protective measures must be carried out quickly to prevent the Yangtze finless porpoise from becoming a second Chinese River Dolphin, and save the biodiversity of the Yangtze River as a whole.     

Study on the sex-related AFLP marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise

The sex-related molecular marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise was screened using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） technique combined with the bulked segregant analysis. Totally 36 AFLP primer combinations were used to detect the genome DNA bulks of the female and male porpoises, and one sex-related AFLP marker was finally obtained. The marker can be applied to sex identification, and provides a base for further cloning of sex-related genes and analyzing of Y chromosome haplotypes of the Yangtze finless porpoise.     

Parentage determination of an isolated Yangtze finless porpoise population Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis in the Yangtze Tian-e-Zhou Baiji National Natural Reserve based on molecular data

Reproductive behaviors are poorly known for the Yangtze finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. In this study, the parentage of an isolated Yangtze finless porpoise population inhabiting the Yangtze Tian-e-Zhou Baiji National Natural Reserve is determined by analysis of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, and the porpoise's reproductive behaviors are studied. Overall 4 full parentage assignments and additional 3 single parentage assignments were determined for the population of 23 individuals. The analysis shows that their estimated reproductive cycle is shorter than that reported previously and there probably exists an overlapping between gestation and lactation period. The study also shows that the female does not show fidelity to a particular male for breeding and vice versa, the oldest males did not monopolize mating and the dominance rank could not be so strict for the porpoise society. Moreover, the porpoise's mating pattern and relatedness among candidate parents are discussed here. These results provide important information for making guidelines of management and conservation for this protected population.     

长江南京八卦洲汊道的演变与整治

研究了长江南京八卦洲汊道的河道自然演变规律和河道演变对城市经济发展的影响。讨论了河道整治工程规划和整治工程的效果与存在的问题等,给出了城市河流河道整治问题的一个实例。     

Genetic diversity in the Yangtze finless porpoise by RAPD analysis

To estimate the genetic diversity in the Yangtze finless porpoise ( Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), the randomly amplified polymorphie DNA technique was applied to examine ten animals captured from the Yangtze River. Out of 20 arbitrary primers used in the experiment, seventeen produced clearly reproducible bands. Calculated by Nei‘s formula d = 1-NAB/NT, the genetic distances ranged from O. 0986 to O. 5634. Compared with other cetacean populations, this genetic distance is quite low.Such a low genetic diversity suggests that this population may be suffering from reduced genetic variation,and be very fragile. More studies are needed for understanding the basis for this apparent low genetic diversity and to help protect this endangered, unique population.