检测器误差对路网流量推算影响的灵敏度分析

以路网检测器布设可测流问题中检测器误差对路网流量推算的影响为研究对象,采用基于交叉口转弯比的流量守恒方程和网络检测器布设模型,给出灵敏度分析方法并将其作为检测器误差分析的通用方法.将路段流量推算结果受误差源路段检测器误差的影响定义为关键系数,通过理论推导得出,多个误差源路段流量检测器误差对路网流量推算结果的影响为单个误差源路段流量检测器误差影响的线性叠加.最后以方格式路网为实例,采用在路网的只进和只出路段布设检测器两种方案,利用关键系数给出了检测路段流量误差对未检测路段流量推算的影响.     

考虑成本约束和可靠性的检测器优化布设

针对路网中交通检测器布设问题,同时考虑到各路段布设费用差异性、总成本约束与检测器故障情况及观测数据随机不确定性,根据误差传播规律,以降低综合布设费用和提高路段流量推算可靠性为目标,构建了多目标检测器优化布设模型.为验证数学模型的科学性有效性,运用Nguyen-Dupuis和Sioux-Fall网络进行算例对比分析,研究结果表明:通过优化求解算法可获取最佳检测器布设方案,降低了检测器配置费用、提升了路网流量估计质量,且满足全路段流量完整可观测性要求,其流量推算次数及误差累计能有效减少20%与19%,论证了该模型在中大型网络上的适用性和合理性;其设计主要基于网络自身拓扑结构和节点流量守恒方程,不需要历史交通信息及路径信息,有效降低了计算复杂度.     

基于路段流量相关性的检测器优化布设

根据路网中路段间流量的相关性,提出了一种路网交通检测器优化布设方法.通过路径-路段发生矩阵得到关键路段数量,并分析了网络规模、网络连通性、OD对数量及路径数量对关键路段数的影响;综合考虑路径覆盖率、道路等级、道路长度以及配套设施等因素,建立了最优关键路段组选择的多目标优化模型;提出了通过线性组合由关键路段流量推算其他路...     

城市道路网络OD估计模型及算法研究

考虑城市道路交通运行的复杂性,抽象出城市道路网络拓扑结构.通过布设检测器采集路段流量、转向比例等多源数据信息,在上述分析基础上,运用吸收马尔可夫理论对城市道路网络进行建模分析,将路段流量、转向比例、小区发生吸引量等参数联系起来,分别利用小区发生量和若干路段流量,得到交通流起讫点OD的不同估计模型,并给出相应算法.建立井字型路网仿真平台采集多源数据信息,求出马尔可夫转移概率矩阵,并用稀疏矩阵的形式导入Matlab编程仿真中进行一系列矩阵运算.数值算例表明,该模型能有效计算路段流量,进而提高OD估计精度.     

城市局域路网交通量与OD估计集成仿真方法

为利用有限的交通采集设备,实现全面掌握城市路网交通运行状况、快速有效制定管理措施的目的,提出了一种"封闭环"式检测线圈布设方式和城市局域路网交通量与OD矩阵估计方法.以交叉口转弯比例稳定性实证研究为基础,建立理论模型,并探讨路段分配流量和OD估计唯一性问题.采用蒙特卡罗法设计车辆转弯行为仿真模型,并提出了局域路网交通量与OD矩阵估计的集成仿真方法.实例研究结果表明,其在实际路网上有良好的适用性和可靠性,可为先进交通管理系统相关交通模型的建立和交通采集设备的布设提供依据.     

基于网络层析成像技术的道路交通流预测算法

为了更有效地预测城市路网交通流量,本文提出了一种城市道路交通预测模型.该模型基于网络层析成像(Network Tomography, NT)技术建立生成树,采用期望最大 (Expectation Maximization, EM) 算法得到路网子网车流概率分布,再结合路网子网中流量守恒原则,对待预测路段流量进行推测.实验结果表明,该模型优于现常用的人工智能模型,对城市交通流量预测更为有效,且提高了预测精度.     

突发灾难下大型路网中的人员疏散模型

为减少突发灾难下人民生命财产的损失,研究适合中国国情的大型路网环境中人员疏散问题.在分析突发性灾难发生的类型、扩散模式及其对大型路网运输能力影响的基础上,设计了灾难对路段的影响矩阵;采用以公共交通为主,私家车辆为辅的人员疏散方案,建立由虚拟疏散起点模块、虚拟疏散终点模块、流量分配模块和疏散时间预测模块组成的大型路网人员疏散模型;并应用实际路网和模拟路网进行仿真.结果表明:设计的疏散模型能在较短时间内,得到最优疏散路线,并快速分配路段流量;针对大型复杂的路网,也能在1 min内设计出疏散最佳的路径,并得到各疏散节点上的实时流量;该方法可以为决策人员制定疏散计划提供依据,提高受灾人员疏散效率,减少生命财产损失.     

诱导条件下的路网交通过饱和预防性控制

为预防路网局部过度拥堵导致路网大面积过饱和,分析了路段和路网的过饱和交通状态,提出路网过饱和状态判定及过饱和诱导控制策略启动时机的判定方法;基于有向图论,在固定交通需求条件下,以路段饱和度最大值最小化为目标,路段通行能力和路段流量平衡为主要约束条件,建立了交通诱导模型;以路段饱和度方差最小化为目标,路段通行能力和相位时长调整的极限值为约束条件,建立了交通控制模型;采用遗传算法进行求解。算例路网的试验对比表明,交通诱导使路网过饱和路段的最大饱和度有所降低,降低了19.6%;交通控制模型使各路段的饱和度均衡,标准差也有一定程度的降低,降低了12.9%;表明在交通诱导和控制协同管理下,路网运行指标有所改善,在一定程度上预能防路网过饱和状态发生。     

基于MFD的城市路网运行状态分析及关键路段辨识 —— 以青岛市为例

宏观基本图(MFD)是刻画路网平均流量和平均密度的关系模型,对路网运行状态分析、出行者路径选择和宏观交通控制有重要的作用。以青岛市台东商圈交通流检测器数据为基础,分析城市路网运行状态,并提出一种基于MFD的关键路段辨识的重要度指标,进一步识别路网中的关键路段。结果表明:青岛市台东商圈路网宏观基本图存在"磁滞现象",且在时间序列上呈现"M"状分布;据对其工作日、周末和节假日的宏观基本图分析,发现不同时段的路网运行状态存在差异;在关键路段的识别中,采用了MFD对比与重要度指标测算相结合的方法,验证了指标模型的合理性和准确性。     

基于固定检测器的区域交通状态判别方法

以固定检测器获得的交通数据为基础,分别建立路段和交叉口交通状态判别模型;考虑不同路段和交叉口对区域路网整体交通状态影响程度的差异性,建立路段和交叉口交通状态的权重计算模型;在此基础上建立区域交通状态的综合判别模型;并分析状态指标P与路网中车辆平均行程速度的相互关系,确定路网P所表示的交通状态级别;最后利用Vissim软件设计包含9个交叉口的典型路网,根据采集的数据对模型进行验证.仿真结果表明:所建立的方法可以有效地对区域交通状态进行判别.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to