粉煤灰酸浸提铝试验条件的优化

 为优化酸浸法从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的试验条件,提高酸溶过程浸出率,降低氟化物掺量,采用正交试验,对影响浸出率的各种因素进行研究。通过优化试验条件,提高铝的浸出率,大大降低环境污染。当溶出温度达沸腾硫酸浓度为12 mol/L固液比为1：3溶出时间为120 min、KF 和粉煤灰的质量比为4：100 时,铝的浸出率可达91.2%。在没有降低浸出率的前提下,有毒氟化物的掺量约减少一半。     

Fe3+浸出污水污泥中重金属实验研究

在25 ℃,污泥浓度20 g/L条件下,以硫酸铁为萃取剂对两种污泥(W1＆W2)进行重金属浸出研究.结果表明,向污泥中投加硫酸铁能导致污泥酸化和污泥中重金属的溶出.投加量越大,污泥pH值降得越低,重金属的溶出率也越高.向W1中投加按Fe3 计算为1.5 g/L硫酸铁时,其pH值降至3.02,Cd,Cu,Zn溶出率分别可达到82.5%,70.9%和89.0%;向W2中投加4.5 g/L Fe3 ,其pH值降至3.19,Cd,Cu,Zn的溶出率分别可达到80.0%,88.2%和92.1%.在相同pH条件下,Fe3 比硫酸能更有效浸出污泥中重金属;用Fe3 浸提污泥中重金属能达到与生物淋滤法同等的溶出效果,并缩短了反应时间.用Fe3 浸出污泥中重金属具有一定可行性.     

不锈钢酸洗污泥中重金属的浸出试验研究

采用无机酸作为浸出剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥中的重金属进行浸出,在相同条件下,各种酸的浸出效率顺序为：硫酸 >盐酸 >硝酸.讨论了硫酸浸出酸洗污泥时浸出时间、硫酸浓度、液固比和温度等条件对金属浸出率的影响.结果表明,硫酸浓度和液固比对镍铬的浸出率有较大的影响,而温度的影响较小.在液固比为6：1、温度为30℃、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L以及浸出时间为90 min的条件下,污泥中镍、铬、铁和锰的浸出率分别为99.3%,99.2%,99.8%和93.2%,残余污泥中镍铬含量符合排放标准.     

萃取法回收水厂污泥中铝的技术研究Ⅰ.清液萃取法

水厂污泥的铝含量高,是一种重要的铝再生资源。研究了液相离子交换萃取法铝回收技术。采用P204-煤油作为萃取剂,与水厂污泥的酸溶浸出液反应,经3级错流萃取,铝萃取率可达96.3%。以5 mol/L硫酸为反萃剂,在相比(VO∶VA)为5∶1的条件下经3级反萃,铝反萃率达到98.9%,反萃液符合液态商品硫酸铝的质量标准,可作为饮用水处理的混凝剂回用。     

助溶酸浸硫铁矿烧渣的研究

采用常压下助溶酸浸的方法对提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁进行了研究,得到硫铁矿烧渣中铁浸出率的影响因素及规律。结果表明,影响铁浸出率的主要因素为硫酸浓度、反应时间和温度、硫酸用量系数、助溶剂用量及热水用量;当硫酸用量系数为1.05、硫酸浓度为65%-70%、反应温度为125℃、反应时间为3-4 h、助溶剂用量为烧渣量的16%-20%、热水用量为烧渣量的1倍或1.8倍时,铁的浸出率可达95%以上。     

温度对污泥焚烧灰中重金属迁移行为与浸出特性的影响

实验考察了温度分别为500、600、700和800℃时,污泥在焚烧炉中停留25min后的污泥灰中和原污泥中重金属(Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb)的含量;采用改进的分步BCR提取法来研究7种重金属的酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态的分布特征,并利用地累积指数法(Igeo)对重金属潜在风险进行了评价,模仿酸雨条件探讨了污泥焚烧前后重金属的浸出特性.实验结果表明,污泥焚烧温度达到500℃以上,焚烧灰中上述7种金属元素可氧化态和残渣态基本呈增长趋势,生态风险等级均不同程度的降低,700℃时,各元素主要以残渣态形式存在,此时,Pb、Cr、Co三种元素的Igeo潜在生态风险等级由原来的1级降为0级,Cd元素的Igeo风险等级由原来的9级降为7级,在800℃时,Cu元素的风险级别由2级降为1级.浸出毒性实验表明,焚烧灰中重金属浸出毒性远远低于焚烧前,随着温度的升高,浸出毒性呈现下降趋势,且随着时间的增加,浸出毒性含量逐渐增大.原污泥Mn元素在4h浸出率100%,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率下降到27.1%;Cu元素800℃焚烧后,20h浸出率由原来的20.6%降低到4.2%;Co、Ni、Cr、Cd、Pb元素,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率分别由原来的18.3%、22.7%、14.3%、9.4%、18.2%降低到3.0%、3.5%、0.31%、0.28%、0.21%,其整体浸出能力与重金属形态分析结果基本一致.     

α-Fe2O3在酸中溶解性能的研究

目的 比较不同工艺条件下制备的α-Fe2O3在酸中的溶解性能。方法采用重量法测定α-Fe2O3溶出率。结果经灼烧过的α-Fe2O3在热的盐酸、硫酸-氢氟酸、硫-磷混合酸中能不同程度地溶解。在6mol／L HCl中微沸约1h时,α-Fe2O3的溶出率处于稳定状态。结论灼烧后的α-Fe2O3在热的盐酸溶液中具有不同程度的溶解。     

采用氧化焙烧-酸浸法从高碳石煤中提钒试验研究

针对广西某难浸高碳石煤,比较相同焙烧和酸浸条件下静态焙烧矿和流态化焙烧矿钒的浸出率,优化流态化焙烧矿的酸浸条件。研究结果表明:流态化焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率比静态焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率平均高24%,所以,在相同焙烧温度、时间下流态化焙烧较静态焙烧更利于钒的浸出;在液固质量比为0.8:1.0,二氧化锰添加量为3%和氢氟酸添加量为2%的条件下,得最佳酸浸条件,即酸矿质量比为0.4:1.0,浸出温度为150℃,浸出时间为6 h,在此最佳酸浸条件下,钒浸出率可达88.26%。     

铝灰渣高效利用的试验研究

以废铝灰渣为原料利用碱酸碱法制备聚合氯化铝,探讨加热温度、混合物配比、保温时间对固相热分解阶段的影响,以铝灰溶出率为指标探索酸溶及碱溶的最佳工艺.对处理后的残渣进行XRD图谱分析,以确定残渣的主要成分.且通过Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法对所制备的聚合氯化铝溶液中铝水解形态进行分析.研究结果表明:经碱酸碱处理后铝灰的溶出率高达95.94%,由此可合成高浓度(0.53 mol/L)高Alb(85%)含量的PAC溶液.且铝灰经此工艺处理后剩余残渣量少,主要成分为α-Al2O3.     

二次铝灰低温碱性熔炼研究

研究利用低温碱性熔炼法提取二次铝灰中铝的过程.探讨碱灰质量比、盐灰质量比、熔炼温度、熔炼时间、不同添加剂和不同混料方式等因素对铝浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:优化条件为:碱灰质量比1.3、盐灰质量比0.7(NaNO3)或0.4(Na2O2)、熔炼温度500℃、熔炼时间60 min.湿混料可以提高铝浸出率,以NaNO3为添加剂干混料铝浸出率最高可达87.52％,以NaNO3为添加剂湿混料铝浸出率最高可达92.71％,以Na2O2为添加剂湿混料铝浸出率最高可达92.76％.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.