盐酸酸溶硫铁矿烧渣的最佳工艺条件

硫铁矿烧渣是硫酸生产过程中产生的固体废物,其综合利用的关键步骤是铁的浸提．盐酸酸溶硫铁矿烧渣是一种有效的浸提铁的工艺,具体做法是将硫铁矿烧渣与一定浓度盐酸混合加入到搪瓷反应釜中,在一定温度下反应一定时间,沉淀过滤得到浸提液．本文以铁浸提率和浸提液中游离酸为指标,通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件．结果表明,影响铁浸提率的工艺因素按重要性排列顺序为：盐酸质量分数〉硫铁矿烧渣与盐酸质量比〉温度〉反应时间;影响游离酸的工艺因素按重要性排列顺序为：硫铁矿烧渣与盐酸质量比〉反应时间〉温度〉盐酸质量分数;综合考虑上述因素,在提高浸提率的同时保证较低的游离酸,确定盐酸酸溶硫铁矿烧渣的最佳工艺条件为：盐酸质量分数30％,硫铁矿烧渣与盐酸质量比为0．35：1,温度95℃,反应时间1．5h．该工艺设备及流程简单,成本低,铁浸提率较高且浸提过程不产生新污染物,可综合利用硫铁矿烧渣,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益．     

硫铁矿烧渣水热法合成纳米球形α-Fe2O3

运用XRD、TEM等测试手段,对硫铁矿烧渣水热法合成a-Fe2Os的工艺进行了研究.结果表明硫铁矿渣的最佳酸浸工艺为加入理论量1.3倍的75%硫酸,在300℃下反应2 h后用热水搅拌浸出,铁的浸出率高达93.94%.20℃时加入计量的沉矾剂,并用NH3@H2O调整浸出液pH值至2.50后加热至65℃反应2 h,95.1%铁以铁矾形式析出.将析出的铁矾制成0.3mol/LFe(OH)3悬浊液,用5%NaOH调整pH值至11.30后,在搅拌速率600～700 r/min、升温速率为2.5℃/min的条件下加热至(172士2)℃水热反应2 h,得到粒度约为55 nm的均匀球形a-Fe2Os.     

用还原焙烧法从硫铁矿烧渣中提取铁的研究

研究了高温还原焙烧、硫酸浸取提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁。用碳作还原剂,800℃以上温度、反应时间约20min时铁的提取率达90%以上,得到的还原渣可以在温和条件下浸出。得到的FeSO4提取液不需再经还原,便于净化,适于作透明氧化铁颜料、磁性铁氧体等高档用品的原料。     

镍钼矿提钼渣中镍的浸出工艺

在硫酸溶液中,使用常压氧化浸出法处理镍钼矿提钼渣以回收有价金属镍。考察搅拌速度、液固比、硫酸用量、氧化剂用量以及浸出时间对镍浸出过程的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌速度与液固比对浸出过程影响不明显;在未加入氧化剂时,主要发生镍氢氧化物简单的酸溶反应,而添加氧化剂后硫化物也被氧化浸出;此外,镍浸出率随浸出时间、温度及硫酸用量的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件如下:搅拌速度为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,氧化剂加入量为矿量的0.2倍,浸出温度为90℃,硫酸浓度为0.4 mol/L,浸出时间为8 h,镍浸出率可达95%左右。     

热酸浸出黄钠铁矾渣工艺

以黄钠铁矾渣为原料,研究硫酸浸出过程的工艺条件,分析浸出过程的热力学和动力学机理.实验结果表明,在液固比为5∶1,搅拌速率为350 r/min条件下,浸出黄钠铁矾渣的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸质量浓度为225 g/L,反应温度为95 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h,该条件下多组实验的渣中Fe、Zn浸出率均大于96%.黄钠铁矾渣硫酸浸出过程在动力学上属于收缩核模型,受化学反应控制.     

废催化剂焙烧水浸渣中硫酸浸取钴的动力学研究

以废催化剂处理过程中得到的镍钴渣为研究对象,采用硫酸浸出镍钴渣,使钴和镍得到有效回收,并对硫酸浸出钴的动力学进行探讨。研究结果表明:搅拌速度为400～1200r/min时对钴浸出率的影响非常小,物料粒度、硫酸浓度和反应温度等因素对钴浸出率则有较大影响;当反应温度为80℃,反应时间为180min,原料粒度为(0.074～0.100)mm,H2SO4浓度为6mol/L,搅拌速度为800r/min,固液比为1:10时,钴的浸出率为94.2%,镍的浸出率则为93.5%;硫酸浸出镍钴渣的反应受产物层内扩散控制,表观活化能为16.34kJ/mol。     

汽车废尾气净化催化剂一次水溶液氯化浸出渣的再浸出

汽车废尾气净化催化剂一次水溶液氯化浸出渣中铂族金属残留高达100~150 g/t,研究渣中残留过高的原因及二次浸出的工艺参数有较强的实际意义.采用正交实验法,开展了浸出渣的二次氯化浸出研究,考察了硫酸浓度、盐酸浓度、氯酸钠用量及温度对Pt、Pd、Rh浸出率的影响.得到了优化的浸出条件,即氯化浸出温度为70℃,硫酸浓度为5 mol/L、盐酸浓度为5.5 mol/L及氯酸钠用量为一次浸出渣量的35%.在此工艺参数条件下对汽车废催化剂进行二次氯化浸出时,铂、钯、铑的浸出率分别达到63.88%、16.92%和15.00%.一次浸出渣的再浸出表明:汽车尾气净化催化剂在催化净化过程及报废后的氯化浸出过程中,有较大比例的贵金属被氧化成难溶的金属氧化物,这是导致一次浸出渣中铂、钯、铑残留过高的重要原因.     

钢铁厂铁鳞硫酸的浸出过程

为制备高纯氧化铁,以钢铁厂铁鳞为原料,考察液固比、温度、时间和硫酸用量对铁浸出率的影响.研究确定硫酸浸出过程的工艺条件,分析浸出过程的动力学机理.确定硫酸浸出铁鳞的最佳工艺条件为:液固比3:1,温度100℃,时间6.0 h,硫酸用量为理论量的1.25倍.在此优化工艺条件下,铁鳞中Fe的平均浸出率为91.69%.动力学研究结果表明,铁鳞的硫酸浸出过程在动力学上属收缩核模型,即满足1/2(1-a1)-2/3-1/2=Kt,受化学反应的控制,反应活化能为70.40 kJ/mol.     

玉米秸秆还原浸出高铁低品位锰矿研究

采用"玉米秸秆硫酸预处理—浸出"工艺处理含Mn 9.63%(质量分数)的朝阳锰矿.通过试验考察用硫酸对玉米秸秆进行预处理的时间、秸秆用量、温度、硫酸浓度和浸出温度对锰浸出率的影响.试验表明,在秸秆用量2.5 g、时间10 min、硫酸浓度1.2 mol/L、温度80℃时预处理秸秆,浸出温度为90℃的条件下,锰的浸出率达92%,杂质铁溶出率仅为20%.玉米秸秆处理前后FTIR分析结果表明,对秸秆进行硫酸预处理能够破坏难降解的木质素结构,有利于提高锰的浸出效果.     

废旧镍氢电池正极材料中镍和钴的回收

研究了在硫酸体系中回收废旧镍氢电池正极材料中的金属镍和钴. 用正交实验方法考察了浸出温度、浸出时间、硫酸初始浓度以及氧化剂用量对镍、钴浸出率的影响. 实验结果表明,各因素对镍和钴浸出率的影响程度排序均为:氧化剂用量>浸出时间>温度>硫酸初始浓度. 在实验得出的最佳浸出条件下,Co的浸出率为99.7%,Ni的浸出率为99.1%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.